Joy Prior
March 30, 2011
Otterstorm, Samuel M
Geography 120H
Section 005
#11: OPEN
Select an article dealing with any problem or challenge in the world you choose to study and discuss it using the geographic tools you have gained over the course of the semester such as site/situation, relative location, tyranny of geography, accidents or history, etc. In looking at this particular problem, can you make any comparisons between MDCs (More Developed Countries) and LDCs (Less Developed Countries)? What kind of attention is being given to this particular problem on a world scale and why?
Area: North America
Canada, the invisible, likeable beaver. The Globe and Mail: Editorials. 14 March 2011. Web. March 2011.
This article discussed the influence of globalization on geography has greatly impacted the meaning of borders, neighbors, and investments. It focused on the border between Canada and the United States, because it is the longest physical boarder in the world. The two countries share a continent, history, cultural similarities, language; they have similar geographical formations such as the Rocky Mountains, fertile mid-section, east and west coasts, and neither is landlocked.
International development is affected by the close state boarders. Although most Americans view Canada as a friendly neighbor according to a recent pool only about 39 percent of Americans consider what happens in Canada to be of “vital importance”, most respondents gave China, India, and Mexico higher scores. Two of those countries are on the other side of the world. It might shock most Americans but Canadians’ view Australia, Britain, and Germany more favorably than the United States. All of these countries are on a separate continent.
If all of the “neighboring” countries that the US and Canada have are really not “neighbors” at all what advantages can a physical boarder have on a country? I began to think how the boarders are almost a natural byproduct of geography. If the United States was like the pacific islands and a fragmented state or if the country had an elongated state similar to Chile that connected to multiple countries not only would the physical geography be different but the movement and political connections would also be different.
Canada and the United States share a special relationship along their border. Their exchange of knowledge and ideas though could be increased. A quote from the article stated that, “Canada cannot articulate its defining traits and ensure its relevance to its larger and more powerful neighbor.” It was difficult for me to imagine the United State and Canada in a war, and I realized that if the U.S. was constantly worried about attacks from the Canadian border there would be less time, resource, or money to develop innovative ideas.
Tuesday, March 15, 2011
STAT friday homework
A. Test of Significance
State: At the alpha .05 level, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the average calories content of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies produced by this brand is greater than 110 calories?
Plan: the appropriate test is one sample t test of significance for the means.
Parameter: mean calories for 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
Population of interest in the context of the problem: all 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
Null hypotheses: Mu=110 calories
Alternative hypotheses: Mu> 110 calories
State level of significance: alpha equals .05
Solve
plot data: with a stem leaf plot graph
stem leaf
10 0, 0
11 0
12 0, 5, 5
13 5
14 0, 5
15 0, 0, 5
16 0, 0
17
18 5
Shape: the five number min: 100; max: 185; x bar: 137.3333; 1Q:115 ;3Q: 155.625
It is approximately normal
List and check conditions of inference: the two conditions are randomization, and normality of the population both of these conditions are not meant. The randomization is not false because the sample was a srs, and we learned that from the provided story problem information. The normality of the population is not true because from the plotted data it can be seen that the population is relatively normal.
Calculate the value(s) of the sample statistic(s): used Stat crunch
N=15
Ho Mu=110
Ha Mu does not equal 110
X bar=137.3333
Std. Err. = 6.22718
T-Stat= 4.3893595
Std. Dev. = 24.117767
P-value =.0006
[(X bar=137.3333)- (110)]/[(s)/(3.872983)]=t=4.38935
100+125+150+160+185+125+155+145+160+100+150+140+135+120+110=2,060
2,060/15= 137.3333= x bar
Conclude:
The set alpha was equal to .05 and the p-value of .0006 was lower than the set alpha, because the p-value was significantly lower than the set alpha I chose to reject the Ho. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average calories content of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies produced by this brand is greater than 110 calories.
Confidence Interval Estimation
State: compute a 95% confidence interval to estimate the mean amount of calories for all 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of this brand.
Plan:
State the name of the appropriate estimation procedure: this is a one sample t test of 95% confidence to of the means.
Describe the parameter: Parameter: mean calories for 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
Population of interest in the context of the problem: all 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
State Confidence Level: the confidence level= 95% (given in problem)
Solve:
Already plotted data in part 1
Mean: 137.3333
Min: 100
Max: 185
Q1:120
Q3:155
Std. Dev. = 24.117767
Std. Err. = 6.2271
Confidence intervals: (123.977356, 150.6893)
Conclude: we believe at a confidence is 95% the true mu of a particular brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims a 110 calories per cookie has a confidence interval at (123.9777, 150.6893 ).
State: At the alpha .05 level, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the average calories content of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies produced by this brand is greater than 110 calories?
Plan: the appropriate test is one sample t test of significance for the means.
Parameter: mean calories for 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
Population of interest in the context of the problem: all 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
Null hypotheses: Mu=110 calories
Alternative hypotheses: Mu> 110 calories
State level of significance: alpha equals .05
Solve
plot data: with a stem leaf plot graph
stem leaf
10 0, 0
11 0
12 0, 5, 5
13 5
14 0, 5
15 0, 0, 5
16 0, 0
17
18 5
Shape: the five number min: 100; max: 185; x bar: 137.3333; 1Q:115 ;3Q: 155.625
It is approximately normal
List and check conditions of inference: the two conditions are randomization, and normality of the population both of these conditions are not meant. The randomization is not false because the sample was a srs, and we learned that from the provided story problem information. The normality of the population is not true because from the plotted data it can be seen that the population is relatively normal.
Calculate the value(s) of the sample statistic(s): used Stat crunch
N=15
Ho Mu=110
Ha Mu does not equal 110
X bar=137.3333
Std. Err. = 6.22718
T-Stat= 4.3893595
Std. Dev. = 24.117767
P-value =.0006
[(X bar=137.3333)- (110)]/[(s)/(3.872983)]=t=4.38935
100+125+150+160+185+125+155+145+160+100+150+140+135+120+110=2,060
2,060/15= 137.3333= x bar
Conclude:
The set alpha was equal to .05 and the p-value of .0006 was lower than the set alpha, because the p-value was significantly lower than the set alpha I chose to reject the Ho. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average calories content of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies produced by this brand is greater than 110 calories.
Confidence Interval Estimation
State: compute a 95% confidence interval to estimate the mean amount of calories for all 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of this brand.
Plan:
State the name of the appropriate estimation procedure: this is a one sample t test of 95% confidence to of the means.
Describe the parameter: Parameter: mean calories for 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
Population of interest in the context of the problem: all 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies of a certain brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims that the cookies contain 110 calories.
State Confidence Level: the confidence level= 95% (given in problem)
Solve:
Already plotted data in part 1
Mean: 137.3333
Min: 100
Max: 185
Q1:120
Q3:155
Std. Dev. = 24.117767
Std. Err. = 6.2271
Confidence intervals: (123.977356, 150.6893)
Conclude: we believe at a confidence is 95% the true mu of a particular brand of 1-ounce chocolate chip cookies that claims a 110 calories per cookie has a confidence interval at (123.9777, 150.6893 ).
GEOG #10 one more left!!
Joy Prior
Geography 120H
Section 05
#10: RESOURCES
Many conflicts in the world are based on fighting over the earth’s finite resources such as
water, oil, or minerals, etc. Select an article dealing with an area of conflict concerning
such a resource and discuss it in terms of the importance of the particular resource to the
countries involved. What aspects of site/situation play into the conflict? Do both countries
have an equal claim to the land and/or resource for which they lay claim? How does the
conflict affect the region in which it is found? How does it affect the world at large?
Location: North America
OP-ED. Like Oil and Water in the Gulf. Los Angeles Times; Opinion. Web. March 2011. < http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-stephens-cuba-oil-20110314,0,7697622.story>
The Gulf of Mexico is an ideal location for off shore drilling, but there is some debate as to who owns the oil. Currently Cuba has entered the debate. This year Cuba and its foreign partners will begin to explore for oil and start drilling as close to 50 miles from Florida. The expected site will be deeper than BP’s Macondo well (a major American oil drill).
During the Cold War there was a U.S. embargo against Cuba that affects the political associations. This article touches the subject of perestroika in Cuba as the economy changes and falls further from communism. It also denies Cuba access to environmental protection and nearby equipment. The real issue does not seem to be the political restrictions but the economical restrictions. Because of the embargo against Cuba U.S. firms are prohibited from joining Cuba in any offshore oil drilling efforts, and this gives the advantage to foreign firms. According to the U.S. Geological Survey there are 5 billion barrels of oil and 10 trillion cubic feet of natural gas beneath the gulf in land belonging to Cuba. Cuba’s potential commercial oil would be invested in by foreign countries (particularly China) and the island would be introduced to commercial market with investors in the United States not getting any piece of the pie. It reminds me of colonization, because it is a debate between powerful countires and their control over less developed countries natural resources.
The article spent a great deal of time discussing how offshore oil does have an effect on the environment, and that the foreign oil firms will disregard the United States strict offshore oil policies and pollute the entire Gulf Coast. Currently the United States denies foreign firms the right to drill in U.S. waters in an effort to impose environmentally friendly restrictions and rights. After the oil spill last year scientists were sent to survey the entire coast. The new drills in Cuba affect the shared gulf between Cuba and Florida. The issue of a shared environment and desire for natural resources raises the question of environmental responsibility for both countries. Although these arguments seemed valid I believe that motivation for having the United States recognize Cuban relations is not motivated by ecological consideration, but economical investments.
Geography 120H
Section 05
#10: RESOURCES
Many conflicts in the world are based on fighting over the earth’s finite resources such as
water, oil, or minerals, etc. Select an article dealing with an area of conflict concerning
such a resource and discuss it in terms of the importance of the particular resource to the
countries involved. What aspects of site/situation play into the conflict? Do both countries
have an equal claim to the land and/or resource for which they lay claim? How does the
conflict affect the region in which it is found? How does it affect the world at large?
Location: North America
OP-ED. Like Oil and Water in the Gulf. Los Angeles Times; Opinion. Web. March 2011. < http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-stephens-cuba-oil-20110314,0,7697622.story>
The Gulf of Mexico is an ideal location for off shore drilling, but there is some debate as to who owns the oil. Currently Cuba has entered the debate. This year Cuba and its foreign partners will begin to explore for oil and start drilling as close to 50 miles from Florida. The expected site will be deeper than BP’s Macondo well (a major American oil drill).
During the Cold War there was a U.S. embargo against Cuba that affects the political associations. This article touches the subject of perestroika in Cuba as the economy changes and falls further from communism. It also denies Cuba access to environmental protection and nearby equipment. The real issue does not seem to be the political restrictions but the economical restrictions. Because of the embargo against Cuba U.S. firms are prohibited from joining Cuba in any offshore oil drilling efforts, and this gives the advantage to foreign firms. According to the U.S. Geological Survey there are 5 billion barrels of oil and 10 trillion cubic feet of natural gas beneath the gulf in land belonging to Cuba. Cuba’s potential commercial oil would be invested in by foreign countries (particularly China) and the island would be introduced to commercial market with investors in the United States not getting any piece of the pie. It reminds me of colonization, because it is a debate between powerful countires and their control over less developed countries natural resources.
The article spent a great deal of time discussing how offshore oil does have an effect on the environment, and that the foreign oil firms will disregard the United States strict offshore oil policies and pollute the entire Gulf Coast. Currently the United States denies foreign firms the right to drill in U.S. waters in an effort to impose environmentally friendly restrictions and rights. After the oil spill last year scientists were sent to survey the entire coast. The new drills in Cuba affect the shared gulf between Cuba and Florida. The issue of a shared environment and desire for natural resources raises the question of environmental responsibility for both countries. Although these arguments seemed valid I believe that motivation for having the United States recognize Cuban relations is not motivated by ecological consideration, but economical investments.
Geography mystery
Mystery #8
How accurate are movies’ depictions of places?
This mystery will take about two hours to complete. Pick out a good, clean, wholesome movie to watch with a friend or relative.
• Watch it as a geographer would, intensively looking for patterns and processes and place. Answer the following:
• Name of Movie: How to Train Your Dragon
• Place(s) Shown: Island, Ocean, Woodlands, Mountains, Fjords, rocky shore side, fog, rock jutting out of the coast
• Does the movie make you believe that they were really there? Well for starters the movie was a cartoon. I picked this movie to watch because I was interested in how a cartoon would portray geography. The movie is about a group of Vikings, and I wanted to see if the cartoon geography would parallel with the actual geography of Scandinavia. This movie did make be believe that I was in the frozen Scandinavia land. Why or why not? In the introduction of the film the character talks about how cold the island is most of the year, and you see a shot of a sheep. I looked up sheep herd locations and there are a few thousand herds along the coast of Norway. I also googled coast lines in Scandinavia, and there were some breathtaking shots of Fjord coast. Just as in the movie the coast was not beach coasts, but sharp rock walls. Much of the movie takes place in the forest near the village throughout the movie there were was a lot of fog particular on the ocean. When the town reaches the dragon next it is an island surrounded by rock formations, and the actual island nest does not have any vegetation on it. This was the most unbelievable location, because of the almost overly dramatic rock formations, and the lack of vegetation. There is one scene were the main character dives into the water to save his dragon, and I thought about how cold the water would be if the movie really was in Norway. I looked up the current temperature in Norway and it was below freezing. That scene was probably a little unrealistic and I imagine the main character would have frozen to death before reaching his dragon friend.
• How much of the film is actually outside where you can see what is going on? The majority of the film was outside. There are a few sections that were filmed inside the houses, but this too could have been considered place geography. The houses had a lot “Viking” cultural images including design, food, and clothing. Because the movie is about dragons there are several scenes in the sky. Even in one of the scenes in the sky the movie brought in geography, because you can see the aurora borealis.
• Did they make any geographic mistakes? This was a movie about dragons, the plot, characters, and I would even say the geography was the least to say a little exaggerated.
• Is the place “nowhere”, meaning that it is set in an imaginary or fictitious place? Yes, but it was based on the geography of Scandinavia because the characters were all Vikings. If so, were you convinced? I found a few reviews for the book that the movie is based on. In there I discovered a map. The Isle of Berk is the setting for most of the film, and one of the smallest inhabited islands in the Barbaric Sea. The Barbaric Archipelago includes the Meathead Island, North Island and Cannibal Island. I wanted to see if any of these islands were real places, or if they were based on actual world locations. After searching for a while I discovered a few islands that could be possible locations Birka near Stockholm, Sweden. Whenever I typed Barbaric Sea in the search engine all that came up information about Vikings and the movie, but not an actual location. I found one reference that claimed the Baltic Sea could also be called the Barbaric Sea, but some of this information was hard to shift through, because another site labeled the east coast of Africa as the Barbaric Sea due to the slave trade. The Baltic Sea on the other hand is a real location between Sweden and Finland. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, and was the home for many Vikings. The only idea with this is that as I looked through images on Google I realized that the Baltic Sea coast line is more sloped and pebbled than the coast line in the movies. While the giant fjords and looming rock formations featured in the film are characteristics of the western coast of Norway. Although I saw many fjords in the Baltic Sea pictures the coast line appeared more subtle than that in the movie. I think that although the geography was exaggerated in the film there are locations in the world that are closely similar to the islands and oceans in the movie How to Train Your Dragon.
•
• Map of the Barbaric Sea taken from the Book Review
Toothless99. How To Train Your Dragon: Isle of Berk. Wikia. Web. March 2011.
Aurora Borealis- The Northern Lights Norway- Tromso. The Top Ten Site.come Reviews you Can Trust. Web. March 2011.
Viking. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. Web. March 2011. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking>
When to Go. Frommer’s. Web. March 2011.
Scandinavia. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. Web. March 2011.
Birka. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. Web. March 2011.
Lewis, Martin. Dividing the Ocean Sea. The Geographical Reivew. 1999. Web. March 2011. Questia; Trusted Online Research.
How accurate are movies’ depictions of places?
This mystery will take about two hours to complete. Pick out a good, clean, wholesome movie to watch with a friend or relative.
• Watch it as a geographer would, intensively looking for patterns and processes and place. Answer the following:
• Name of Movie: How to Train Your Dragon
• Place(s) Shown: Island, Ocean, Woodlands, Mountains, Fjords, rocky shore side, fog, rock jutting out of the coast
• Does the movie make you believe that they were really there? Well for starters the movie was a cartoon. I picked this movie to watch because I was interested in how a cartoon would portray geography. The movie is about a group of Vikings, and I wanted to see if the cartoon geography would parallel with the actual geography of Scandinavia. This movie did make be believe that I was in the frozen Scandinavia land. Why or why not? In the introduction of the film the character talks about how cold the island is most of the year, and you see a shot of a sheep. I looked up sheep herd locations and there are a few thousand herds along the coast of Norway. I also googled coast lines in Scandinavia, and there were some breathtaking shots of Fjord coast. Just as in the movie the coast was not beach coasts, but sharp rock walls. Much of the movie takes place in the forest near the village throughout the movie there were was a lot of fog particular on the ocean. When the town reaches the dragon next it is an island surrounded by rock formations, and the actual island nest does not have any vegetation on it. This was the most unbelievable location, because of the almost overly dramatic rock formations, and the lack of vegetation. There is one scene were the main character dives into the water to save his dragon, and I thought about how cold the water would be if the movie really was in Norway. I looked up the current temperature in Norway and it was below freezing. That scene was probably a little unrealistic and I imagine the main character would have frozen to death before reaching his dragon friend.
• How much of the film is actually outside where you can see what is going on? The majority of the film was outside. There are a few sections that were filmed inside the houses, but this too could have been considered place geography. The houses had a lot “Viking” cultural images including design, food, and clothing. Because the movie is about dragons there are several scenes in the sky. Even in one of the scenes in the sky the movie brought in geography, because you can see the aurora borealis.
• Did they make any geographic mistakes? This was a movie about dragons, the plot, characters, and I would even say the geography was the least to say a little exaggerated.
• Is the place “nowhere”, meaning that it is set in an imaginary or fictitious place? Yes, but it was based on the geography of Scandinavia because the characters were all Vikings. If so, were you convinced? I found a few reviews for the book that the movie is based on. In there I discovered a map. The Isle of Berk is the setting for most of the film, and one of the smallest inhabited islands in the Barbaric Sea. The Barbaric Archipelago includes the Meathead Island, North Island and Cannibal Island. I wanted to see if any of these islands were real places, or if they were based on actual world locations. After searching for a while I discovered a few islands that could be possible locations Birka near Stockholm, Sweden. Whenever I typed Barbaric Sea in the search engine all that came up information about Vikings and the movie, but not an actual location. I found one reference that claimed the Baltic Sea could also be called the Barbaric Sea, but some of this information was hard to shift through, because another site labeled the east coast of Africa as the Barbaric Sea due to the slave trade. The Baltic Sea on the other hand is a real location between Sweden and Finland. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, and was the home for many Vikings. The only idea with this is that as I looked through images on Google I realized that the Baltic Sea coast line is more sloped and pebbled than the coast line in the movies. While the giant fjords and looming rock formations featured in the film are characteristics of the western coast of Norway. Although I saw many fjords in the Baltic Sea pictures the coast line appeared more subtle than that in the movie. I think that although the geography was exaggerated in the film there are locations in the world that are closely similar to the islands and oceans in the movie How to Train Your Dragon.
•
• Map of the Barbaric Sea taken from the Book Review
Toothless99. How To Train Your Dragon: Isle of Berk. Wikia. Web. March 2011.
Aurora Borealis- The Northern Lights Norway- Tromso. The Top Ten Site.come Reviews you Can Trust. Web. March 2011.
Viking. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. Web. March 2011. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking>
When to Go. Frommer’s. Web. March 2011.
Scandinavia. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. Web. March 2011.
Birka. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. Web. March 2011.
Lewis, Martin. Dividing the Ocean Sea. The Geographical Reivew. 1999. Web. March 2011. Questia; Trusted Online Research.
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