out line

Joy Prior
Professor Harris
2 November 2009
Response #9

Thesis: Dairy is a economical and practical way to obtain essential vitamins and minerals in a balanced diet. Recent dietary guidelines that entirely substitute milk with plant based products for protein, vitamin, and calcium are illogical. In the past decade research shows a balanced diet is esential to eliminating cancer, diabeties, and lactose intolerance., eliminating milk is not the solution.

Out line

The China Study: What brought all of these concerns to my mind
Growing up on a Dairy Farm: personal experience with dairy

Economical
Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.
“By June 1940, federal funds were allocated to provide milk for children in 15 Chicago elementary schools. The price to children was 1 cent per half-pint, with subsidies from private donations available for those who could not pay. The half-pint container of milk became a lunchtime staple for millions of North American children in 1943, when the milk program was made part of the federal school lunch program.”

“Milk and other dairy products contribute > 70% of the calcium intake in the United States.”

“A policy that promotes calcium supplements as a dietary alternative for children brings other problems, as well. For many families, it would represent an additional expense they could not afford

Practical
Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.

“Bioavailability refers to the amount of calcium available for use by the body and that is dependent, in part, on both the calcium load and substances in food that bind calcium. The calcium in milk is ~ 30% bioavailable.( n40) Of the 300 mg of calcium in a glass of milk, 90 mg would expected to be absorbed. By comparison, accounting for calcium load size, to absorb that amount of calcium from broccoli, a vegetable in which calcium is highly bioavailable, it would be necessary to consume two and one fourth cups”

“A cup of spinach, for example, provides > 240 mg of calcium, but to absorb an amount of calcium equal to that in milk, it would be necessary to consume over 8 cups.”

Dairy Protein

“Get Big: The Science of Muscle; Milk Beats Soy.” Mens Fitness. 33.6 (2002): 28. Print

Vitamins
Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chineses University of Hong Kong. “Milk Supplementation of the Diet of Postmenopausal Chinese Women on a Low Calcium Intake Retards Bone Loss.” Bone and Mineral Research. 16.9 (2001): 1704-1709. Print.
“From our study results, it is not possible to conclude whether the calcium content of milk or the combined effect of its components caused the beneficial effect of milk supplementation. The supplementation admittedly resulted in significantly higher than usual intakes of vitamin D, protein, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, zinc, and a range of other micronutrients. Theoretically, it is possible that a protein and carbohydrate food source will stimulate secretion of insulin-like factor, insulin, and amylin and thus contribute to increases in BMD
Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.
“Milk is an inexpensive source of high-quality protein and provides 31% of the riboflavin in the American diet. Fluid milk is also routinely fortified with vitamins A and vitamin D. In fact, milk is the only significant food source of Vitamin D, a nutrient critical to the utilization of calcium that is particularly important in winter months.”
Campbell, Colin T., Thomas M. Campbell. “The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted.” BenBella Books. (2005)
“Casein, which makes up 87% of cow’s milk protein, promoted all stages of the cancer process. What type of protein did not promote cancer, even at high levels of intake? The safe proteins were from plants, including wheat and soy. (5)

Calcium from Dairy for infants
Steichen, J., R. Tsang. “Bone Mineralization and Growth in Term Infants Fed soy-based or cow milk-based formula.” Pediatrics. 110.5 (2009): 687-692. Print.
“Group 1 infants had significantly lower BMC and BMC/BW at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age (P<0.05 to P<0.0001) compared with group 2 infants, but their values were similar to those in previously studied infants receiving human milk with vitamin D supplementation.”

Alternative Calcium Sources
Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.
“Dietary Guidelines 2000, the language reads Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese Group (Milk Group), and a footnote explains that ". . . one cup of soy-based beverage with added calcium is an option for those who prefer a nondairy source of calcium”

China diet lacking sufficient Calcium
Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chineses University of Hong Kong. “Milk Supplementation of the Diet of Postmenopausal Chinese Women on a Low Calcium Intake Retards Bone Loss.” Bone and Mineral Research. 16.9 (2001): 1704-1709. Print.
“OSTEOPOROSIS IS a major public health problem in Asia. Projections suggest that more than one-half of all hip fractures will occur in this region by the year 2050.(1) In Hong Kong, the incidence of hip fracture has increased 3-fold over the last 30 years.(2) The hip fracture rates in Hong Kong are similar to those in Britain.(2) However, the Asian diet is low in calcium content, and we have previously shown that a low calcium intake may be associated with the risk of both hip(3) and vertebral fracture.

Lack of Calcium in children’s diet
Black, Ruth E., Sheila M Williams, Ianthe E Jones and Ailsa Goulding. "Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health1,2,3." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 675-680 76.6 (2002). Print.
“milk avoiders were shorter had smaller skeletons and a lower total-body bone mineral content
In growing children, long-term avoidance of cow milk is associated with small stature and poor bone health. This is a major concern that warrants further study.”
Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.
“Calcium intake is already insufficient in the United States, where osteoporosis is a major and rapidly growing public health problem.

“a child would need to drink 3 cups of juice to obtain the amount in 3 cups of milk. According to the most recently available data, only 1 in 5 elementary school age children consumes any citrus juice and on average, the amount consumed is under 2 ounces.( n46) There are no data as to how much of the juice consumed by children is calcium-fortified.

Cancer
Jacobsen, Bjarne K., Synnove F. Knutsen, Gary E Fraser. “Does High Soy Milk Intake Reduce Prostate Cancer Incidence? The Adventist Health Study.” Cancer Causes and Control. 9.6 (1998): 1573-7225. Web.
“Our study suggests that men with high consumption of soy milk are at reduced risk of prostate cancer. Possible associations between soy bean products, isoflavones and prostate cancer risk should be further investigated.”

Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.
“Dietary Guidelines 2000, the language reads Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese Group (Milk Group), and a footnote explains that ". . . one cup of soy-based beverage with added calcium is an option for those who prefer a nondairy source of calcium”

Type 1 diabeties
Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087.
Print.
“In 2000, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International issued a position paper concluding that there is no compelling scientific evidence to support the claim that drinking cow's milk increases the risk of type 1 diabetes in children or adults”

Study in Finland “Although the broad age range of the subjects in this study is wide and the data do not permit an examination of the relationship between time of milk exposure and age at onset of the disease, these data support the hypothesis that there may be a subset of at-risk children for whom cow's milk consumption promotes the development of type 1 diabetes.”

Campbell, Colin T., Thomas M. Campbell. “The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted.” BenBella Books. (2005)
“Cows milk may cause one of the most devastating disease (diabetes 1) that can befall a child. For obvious reasons, this is one of the most contentious issues in nutrition today. (187)

Lactose intolerance
Marchiondo, Kathleen. "Lactose Intolerance: A Nursing Perspective." MEDSURG Nursing 18.1 (2009): 9-32. Print.

“Although not a serious threat to health, lactose intolerance causes discomfort, anxiety, and embarrassment for a large number of people worldwide”
“In fact, the majority of people with lactose malabsorption can consume small-to-moderate quantities of dairy products
without developing symptoms of intolerance
“Lactose intolerance, unlike milk allergy, does not involve the immune system, is treated easily and is not life-threatening
“Up to 62% who believe they are lactose intolerant actually digest lactose normally, but may have sensitivity to other types of food.”
Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.
“Dietary Guidelines are insensitive to the health needs of minorities, 75% of whom worldwide experience some degree of lactose intolerance,
“Lactose intolerance is the inability to completely digest lactose, the sugar in milk. In the small intestine, the enzyme lactase splits lactose into 2 simple sugars, glucose and galactose. If insufficient lactase is produced and lactose is not digested, it travels to the large intestine where it is fermented by bacteria into organic acids and gas. This gas, along with the osmotic effect of unabsorbed lactose and water, is responsible for the symptoms of lactose intolerance, which can include abdominal fullness, cramps, and diarrhea”
“25% of American adults experience some degree of lactose intolerance.
“Of note is that in double-blind studies, the relationship between the existence of lactase deficiency and symptoms reported is inconsistent.
“Simply anticipating the possibility of discomfort may cause individuals to experience abdominal pain and cramping after eating dairy foods.
“African tribesmen, such as the Masai > 20 years ago. Among these people, the prevalence of lactose intolerance has been estimated to reach over 60%, but they routinely consume considerable quantities of milk without symptoms

Balanced Diet
Larson, Roberta. “The American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide.” American Dietetic Association (2002) Print.
“Panama’s food guide advises sufficient root vegetables. Zimbabwe’s four-food-group square includes insects as one protein-rich food.”

Campbell, Colin T., Thomas M. Campbell. “The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted.” BenBella Books. (2005)
“Even relatively small intakes of animal-based food were associated with adverse effects. People who ate the most plant-based foods were the healthiest and tended to avoid chronic disease.” (5)
Bibliography

Golberg, Jeanne P., Sara C. Folta, Aviva Must. "Milk: Can a "Good" Food Be So Bad?" Pediatrics 110.4 (2002): 286-087. Print.
This was my best source. There was so much information in this article that helped me to get my act together. During the entire article they addressed the concerns that I had about milk, and wither or not it was healthy. This became the spring board of my research. I got most of my quotes from this article, and understood my topic fully after reading it.

Black, Ruth E., Sheila M Williams, Ianthe E Jones and Ailsa Goulding. "Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health1,2,3." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 675-680 76.6 (2002). Print.
I learned a little about children and their lactose intake. This helped me to understand how important it is that children get calcium. My ideas also began to evolve into the reality that it is not if the food is good or bad, but if the vitamins and minerals in the food supply the right needs. After reading this article I realized that milk is a convenient way to get in all of the vitamins and minerals we need in one day.

Marchiondo, Kathleen. "Lactose Intolerance: A Nursing Perspective." MEDSURG Nursing 18.1 (2009): 9-32. Print.
Lactose intolerance is different than being allergic to milk. It should be treated differently too, and avoiding milk is actually the “wrong” way to cure the problem. Most people who are lactose intolerance do not have the symptoms of being lactose intolerance. They still drink milk, and seem fine. It was refreshing to get a nurses point of view, and how to explain healthy life choices. Most of the article talked about reintroducing milk into someone’s diet. I found it helpful, but not substantial data.

Larson, Roberta. “The American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide.” American Dietetic Association (2002) Print.
This article made me realize that other countries have food pyramids, and that no country has the best. There are so many attacks against the food guide pyramid that I was really questioning it, but now I think that it is basically like any diet guidelines. They are all healthy suggestions, and should be treated as such.

“Get Big: The Science of Muscle; Milk Beats Soy.” Mens Fitness. 33.6 (2002): 28. Print.
This was basically just a passage about how milk helped to build muscle in a group of men working out. There were no real numbers in the paper, and that made it difficult for me to really want to use the information. I did find it helpful though. It opened my research to the idea that milk is good for not just bones but muscles too.

Schrezemmeir, Jurgen, Alexandra Jagla. “Milk and Diabetes.” American College of Nutrition. 9002.19 (2000): 176S-190S. Print.
In this article I read about the realationship between milk and diabetes. It was helpful for my paper because there was observed no true conection. What I realized was that all studies need to be repeated and redone before they can be proven, or become factual. While I browsed I found more studies not supporting diabetes and milk being the cause, but I this article seemed to be the most comprehensive.

Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chineses University of Hong Kong. “Milk Supplementation of the Diet of Postmenopausal Chinese Women on a Low Calcium Intake Retards Bone Loss.” Bone and Mineral Research. 16.9 (2001): 1704-1709. Print.
This was a great article because it talked about the problems in the china diet. That there were many things missing in the china diet, and this was causing health problems. I want to use a lot of the quotes from here to support that idea that American scientist are not as biased as they might be portrayed. Chinese scientist think that there is something in milk that will help their society to live better, and healthier. I want to use a lot of this information to give ethos to milk.

Campbell, Colin T., Thomas M. Campbell. “The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted.” BenBella Books. (2005)
“Campbell urges readers to eliminate meat and dairy from their diets to achieve better health and longevity. His study will add a new dimension to the public debate about the role of plant-based foods in the human diet
I used this book to understand what I was up against. It was helpful to get a base of what I should say, and what the other side was thinking. The valid concerns in this book opened up my mind, and I started making the connections between why this is such an issue. There are valid concerns on both sides of the argument. Milk has a lot of things in it that we don’t understand. What I found a little frustrating was that the book addressed protein more than milk, and I did not need information on protein.

Steichen, J., R. Tsang. “Bone Mineralization and Growth in Term Infants Fed soy-based or cow milk-based formula.” Pediatrics. 110.5 (2009): 687-692. Print.
This study was a good one for my paper because it compared soy milk to cow milk. There were a few quotes that I could use about how soy milk is not the same as cow milk and that infants who were given soy milk actually had lower bone mass than the babies who drank a cow based milk. This was helpful information because soy milk is the substitute for cow milk in the vegan diet, and it seems that even soy milk has it’s down falls.

Jacobsen, Bjarne K., Synnove F. Knutsen, Gary E Fraser. “Does High Soy Milk Intake Reduce Prostate Cancer Incidence? The Adventist Health Study.” Cancer Causes and Control. 9.6 (1998): 1573-7225. Web.
I found this article helpful because it supported soy milk in the adult diet. I realized that my paper is not to state that soy milk is bad. I want to show that milk is good. This helped me to support the idea that a well balanced diet with plant based products and milk is the best idea. Eliminating one is were the problem comes in. I thought that this information would be good to close with to illustrate that I am not attacking the idea of plant based products, but supporting a diet with milk.