Joy Prior
January 12, 2011
Otterstorm, Samuel M
GEOG 120H
Section 001
Geographic Change Revealed, Journal #1
what specific aspects (economic, political, cultural, environmental, etc.) of globalization impact the event/situation? Has globalization had a negative or positive impact?
The article, entitled Clinton Visits Yemen, Seeking Broader Ties, that I read was taken from The New York Times under the world affairs. It was written by Mark Landler and published in January 11, 2011. It was an ideal example of the impact globalization has on politics, and economics in North America.
Mrs. Clinton's visit was a politically oriented. She was the first secretary of state to visit Yemen in almost two decades. The article specified that the reason for her visit was to address the terrorists operating in Yemen. It was remarkable to read the article with globalization in mind, because I could not help but to think of all the global politics relating to this one visit. For starters Terrorists attack internationally, not just the United States. It was also interesting to me that Mrs. Clinton visited a foreign nation to discuss Islamic extremism that would help to protect American citizens.
Throughout the article there were signs of how influential the United States economy is in Yemen’s developing economy. Mrs. Clinton said that the high amount of terrorism scares away tourists and investors from Yemen. It was interesting to read how the United States economy, tourists, and business investors have a global influence. I could not help but to think of cultural imperialism. The attitude of the article was that through western culture (capitalism and the United Nations allies) other countries like Yemen can overcome poverty.
I was also shocked by the amount millions of dollars sent to Yemen. Apparently in 2008 the United States sent $17 million dollars to Yemen in nonmilitary aid, and this past year the United States sent another $130. Not to mention the additional $170 million sent in military aid. I felt a little suspicious about all of the money that was sent, because I do not know if the United States expects Yemen to pay back the debt, or if the United States is benefiting substantially from the donation in other ways such as oil, or availability to other natural resources. I also wondered if this money is not simply an attempt to help the country, but also an attempt to help civilize the nation. It reminded me of colonialism. Originally the European countries sent just enough aid and people to help make an area civilized, and in short under their control. While I read the article I could not help but to wonder if instead establishing settlements the United States is sending money to civilize Yemen, and in short have control in the country. On the other hand the money sent to Yemen could be a generous donation or simply a kind-hearted-jester.
Tuesday, January 11, 2011
Saturday, January 8, 2011
GEOG mystery #2
Joy Prior
January 10, 2011
Lauren Erickson
Geog 120 H
Section 001
Mystery #2
Before this mystery I had no idea that there is such a plethora of islands. Each one with it’s own climate, culture, and in essence geography. The year long voyages of the European explores were just as unique as the islands that they discovered, using the word discovered in the most lucrative from, because most of the islands were already inhabited. In this response I will mention six different islands and the islands first European explorers.
Jacob Roggeveen was the first European to discover The Easter Islands in 1722. At the age of sixty-two He began his voyage to explore the pacific islands. He and his crew landed on the Easter Island coast on Easter Sunday. Within a few days of exploring the island the company suffered fatalities and contention and quickly continued their voyage.
The Bora Bora island was also discovered along Jacob Roggeveen’s 1722 voyage. When the ships did arrive Batavia the Dutch East India Company arrested Roggeveen and his men, and over a year later they were allowed to return to Netherlands.
Santa Cruz islands were discovered by Joao Alvares Fagundes around the 1520s. He was a Portuguese explorer. His explorations took him through the northern parts of Canada and through Nova Scotia area.
A French explorer named Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier discovered Bouvet Island in 1739. The Island was named after him. He explored the artic region but despite several attempts his ship was unable to anchored on Bouvet Island because of the intense fog. On his return he felt as if the mission was a failure.
Bering Island was also named after man who discovered it. Vitus Jonassen Bering was born in Denmark, but sailed towards America from Russia. He died of disease on Bering Island in 1741.
In 1568, the Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de Neira discovered the Tuvalu Islands in an attempt to discover the legendary city of gold. Despite his efforts none of the settlements he attempted to establish flourished in any of the islands he explored while sailing through the Pacific Islands.
January 10, 2011
Lauren Erickson
Geog 120 H
Section 001
Mystery #2
Before this mystery I had no idea that there is such a plethora of islands. Each one with it’s own climate, culture, and in essence geography. The year long voyages of the European explores were just as unique as the islands that they discovered, using the word discovered in the most lucrative from, because most of the islands were already inhabited. In this response I will mention six different islands and the islands first European explorers.
Jacob Roggeveen was the first European to discover The Easter Islands in 1722. At the age of sixty-two He began his voyage to explore the pacific islands. He and his crew landed on the Easter Island coast on Easter Sunday. Within a few days of exploring the island the company suffered fatalities and contention and quickly continued their voyage.
The Bora Bora island was also discovered along Jacob Roggeveen’s 1722 voyage. When the ships did arrive Batavia the Dutch East India Company arrested Roggeveen and his men, and over a year later they were allowed to return to Netherlands.
Santa Cruz islands were discovered by Joao Alvares Fagundes around the 1520s. He was a Portuguese explorer. His explorations took him through the northern parts of Canada and through Nova Scotia area.
A French explorer named Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier discovered Bouvet Island in 1739. The Island was named after him. He explored the artic region but despite several attempts his ship was unable to anchored on Bouvet Island because of the intense fog. On his return he felt as if the mission was a failure.
Bering Island was also named after man who discovered it. Vitus Jonassen Bering was born in Denmark, but sailed towards America from Russia. He died of disease on Bering Island in 1741.
In 1568, the Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana de Neira discovered the Tuvalu Islands in an attempt to discover the legendary city of gold. Despite his efforts none of the settlements he attempted to establish flourished in any of the islands he explored while sailing through the Pacific Islands.
Friday, January 7, 2011
GEOG rough notes from webster about Navajo Nation
In the Sun's House: My Year on the Navajo Reservation (Trinity University Press, 2009)
Division of Economic Development (DED) Phase I
Over 150 public, private and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools serve students from kindergarten through high school. Most schools receive funding from the Navajo Nation under the Johnson O’Malley program.
Navajo Preparatory School
There are six types of secondary establishments, including:
• Eight Arizona Public Schools
• New Mexico Public Schools
• Utah Public Schools
• Bureau of Indian Affairs Public Schools
• Association of Navajo Controlled Schools
• Navajo Preparatory School, Inc.
Literacy is Empowering Project
local Head Start, the only educational program operated by the Navajo Nation government. Post-secondary education and vocational training are available on and off the reservation.
Navajo Housing Authority, the tribally designated housing entity for the Navajo Nation
unemployment level fluctuates between an overall 40 and 45 percent for the nation of reported taxed income, but in some communities it can go as high as 85 percent or as low as 15 percent
Utah Dine Corporation: Utah Navajo Oil Reserves reenues in Aneth Oil Field sectio of Utah (SanJuan County, Utah)
The Navajo Nation is divided into five Agencies, with the seat of government located in the Window Rock/Tségháhoodzání. These agencies are similar to provincial entities and match the five Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agencies. These five Agencies within the Navajo Indian Reservation are Chinle Agency, Eastern Navajo Agency, Western Navajo Agency, Fort Defiance Agency, and Shiprock Agency. The BIA agencies provide various technical services under direction of the BIA's Navajo Area Office in Gallup, New Mexico. Agencies are further divided into Chapters, similar to counties, as the smallest political unit.
The tribal Trust lands have no private land ownerships, and all Tribal Trust land is owned in common and administered by the Nation's government. On the other hand BIA Indian Allotment lands are privately owned by the heirs and generations of the original BIA Indian Allotee to whom it was issued. With Tribal trust lands, leases are made both to customary land users (for homesites, grazing, and other uses) and organizations, which may include BIA and other federal agencies, churches and other religious organizations, as well as private or commercial businesses
Today
24,078.127 square miles (62,362.06 km2)
24,096.295 square miles (62,409.12 km2). Of water area
Navajo communities now have to face proposed new uranium solution mining that threatens the only source of drinking water for 10,000 to 15,000 people living in the Eastern Navajo Agency in northwestern New Mexico. The Southwest Research and Information Center (SRIC) aims to provide the public with information on resource exploitation on the people and their cultures, lands, water, and air of the American Southwest.
Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Monument Valley, Rainbow Bridge National Monument, and the Shiprock landmark.
Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation: It has a land area of 230.675 sq mi (597.445 km²), over 95 percent of which is designated as off-reservation trust land. There was a 2000 census resident population of 2,167 persons.[1] The Ramah Reservation's land area is less than one percent of the Navajo Nation's total area.
Alamo Navajo Indian Reservation: lying in northwestern Socorro County, New Mexico, USA, adjacent to the southeastern part of the Acoma Indian Reservation. It has a land area of 256.616 km² (99.08 sq mi), and a 2000 census resident population of almost 2,000 persons. The Alamo Band of the Navajo Nation Reservation's land area is only about four-tenths of one percent of the Navajo Nation's total area. The remote community has a K-12 school, Early Childhood Center, a new multi-million dollar Wellness Center, a Community Service center that provides non-school related programs, a state-of-the-art Health Center and KABR radio, 1500 AM.
Alamo Navajo Reservation (Tribal Census Tracts 9415 and 9461), Navajo Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Arizona/New Mexico/Utah
Tohajiilee Indian Reservation/Canoncito Indian Reservation: western Bernalillo, eastern Cibola, and southwestern Sandoval Counties in New Mexico, USA, west of the city of Albuquerque. It has a land area of 314.911 km² (121.588 sq mi) and a 2000 census resident population of 1,649 persons. The land area is only about one-half of one percent of the entire Navajo Nation total
Canoncito Indian Reservation (Tribal Census Tract 9459), Navajo Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Arizona/New Mexico/Utah
Bosque Redondo: inprisionment; Fort Sumner was a military fort in De Baca County in southeastern New Mexico charged with the internment of Navajo and Mescalero Apache populations from 1863-1868 at nearby Bosque Redondo.
October 31, 1862 Bosque Redondo reservation, a 40-square-mile (100 km2) area where over 9,000 Navajo (8,500) and Mescalero Apaches (500)
Pecos River
Large numbers in 1864 journey from Navajo land to Bosque Redondo as Long Walk
1865 Mescalero Apaches/strong enough escaped. Navajo not allowed to leave until May
1868 Navajo allowed to leave/failure
Arizona hinterlands (hideout while they were rounding up the Navajo in Arizona)
New Reservation
16 million acres
Navajo Indian Reservation 1868 (100 miles square in New Mexico)
3,328,302 acres- slightly more than half
37th parallel Northern latitude in the North
Fort Defiance southern border
Fort Lyon eastern border
Longitude 109? 30’
Most Navajo ingnored these rules and returned to prior establishments
1868-1934 land increase
Nn_border_hist_map.svg (SVG file, nominally 998 × 857 pixels, file size: 149 KB)
1868 After the return from Bosque Redondo in 1868, listed offenses were handled by the Indian Agent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs with the support of the U.S. Army, while lesser disputes remained under Navajo control
1878 October 28: 20 miles to the west
Eastern boarder shaped by Dawes Act of 1887
Divided into tribal lands(allotments)
Unfarmed/unsuccessfully farmed land was given to settlers
Continued until 1934; until then checkerboard area appeared in the eastern boarder of reservation/non-reservation land
Today Navajo lands are mingled with fee lands, owned by both Navajos and non-Navajos, f
1880
1882
1884
1886
1900
1901
1905 added region around Aneth confirmed by congress in 1933
1907
1913
1918
1930
1934 (2x)
Indian Reorganization Act
1935
Constitutional initiatives rejected Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
1944 to 1986, 3.9 million tons of uranium ore were chiseled and blasted from the mountains and plains. The mines provided uranium for the Manhattan Project, the top-secret effort to develop an atomic bomb, and for the weapons stockpile built up during the arms race with the Soviet Union
1950 the Navajo Tribal Council decided that judges should be elected;
1953
Constitutional initiatives rejected Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
1958 judicial reorganization of, the problems with delayed decisions and partisan politics convinced the Council that appointment was a better method of selecting judges: Navajo Tribal Council on 16 October; current
Navajo Court of Indian Offenses were elimintaed
Sitting judges became judges in the new system
Trail courts of the Navajo Tribe
Navajo Tribal Court of Appeals
1959 1 April Judicail Branch of the Navajo Nation Government became effective
1960s. As the threat of the Cold War gradually diminished over the next two decades, four processing mills and more than 1,000 mines on tribal land shut down, leaving behind radioactive waste piles, open tunnels and pits.
1963
Failed Constitutional initiatives Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Drafted/adopted by governing council but not ratified by members
1978 Supreme Judicial Council established could hear from Navajo Tribal Court of Appeals
1980 relocate Dine living in the Navajo/Hopi joint area/75-year lease to Navajos who refused to leave the former shared lands
1980 San Juan
1985 Judicail Reform Act; back to
Sitting judges became judges in the new system
Trail courts of the Navajo Tribe
Navajo Tribal Court of Appeals
1988-2006 seven judicail districts
1690 Senate Bill Utah Navajo Oil Royalties
1991 three branch system government established: executive, legislative, judicial
2004 the nation signed a compact with New Mexico to operate a casino at To'hajiilee, near Albuquerque. Navajo leaders also negotiated with Arizona officials for casinos near Flagstaff, Lake Powell, Winslow, Sanders (Nahata Dziil Chapter), and Cameron (the Grand Canyon entrance).
2006 Navajo Constitution started to advocate for Navajo constitutional convention;goal is to have representation from every chapter on Navajo Nation
2008, the Navajo Nation and Boston-based Citizens Energy Corp. reached a deal to build a 500-megawatt wind farm some 50 miles (80 km) north of Flagstaff, AZ. Known as the Diné Wind Project
2010 ten judicial districts, family courts: over domestic relations, civil relief in domestic violence, children custody/protection, name changes,
October of 2010, 77 current delegates to the 88-member Navajo Nation Council were charged with offenses including theft and fraud in the use of tribal slush funds just weeks before the 2010 November election. Not guilty was what the Councilmen charged pleaded, to those tribal charges of fraud, conspiracy and theft.
Long walk to Navajo Nation
1923 Navajo Indian Reservation
April 15, 1969 Navajo Nation
Geographic entity legally defined borders
Naabeehó Bináhásdzo
Diné Bikéyah
Naabeehó Bikéyah
Navajoland
Third World, Niʼ Hałtsooí traditional Navajo creation story: two rivers formed a cross the Sacred Mountain: Tó Ałnáosdlį́į́, Crossing of the Waters. Female river north to south; male east to west
Near the Center of the Yellow World was Dził Náʼoodiłii, Soft Goods or Banded Rock Mountain. And near it, East of center, there was Chʼóolʼį́ʼí, Precious Stones, or Great Spruce Mountain and the four
Fourth world, Niʼ Hodisxǫs: four mountains were reformed from soil in the 2nd world
Dinétah: traditional homeland of the Navajo people
Four sacred Mountains: mountains Dookʼoʼsłííd (San Francisco Peaks) abalone shell mountain, Dibé Ntsaa (Hesperus Mountain) big mountain sheep, Sisnaajiní (Blanca Peak) dawn/white shell mountain, and Tsoodził (Mount Taylor) blue bead/turquoise: They saw that they were on an island in the middle of a bubbling lake[13], surrounded by high cliffs [14]. At first he people could not find a way to get across the water to the shore. They called on Water Sprinkler to help them. He had brought four great stones with him from the Third World. He threw one to the east. When it hit the cliff wall, it broke a hole through it, and water began to flow out of the lake. The threw a stone to the south. He threw one to the west. And to the north he threw one. Each stone created a hole in the cliff, and the water of the lake became lower. A lane now connected the island to the shore to the east, but it was deep with mud. The people called on Níłchʼi dilkǫǫh, Smooth Wind, to help them. He blew steadily for a long time, and finally the people were able to leave the island
first human born in the Fourth World is Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé who, in turn, gives birth to the Hero Twins called Naayééʼ Neizghání and Tóbájíshchíní. The twins have many adventures in which they helped to rid the world of various monsters. Mountain formations
Blanca Peak to the east, Mount Taylor to the south, the San Francisco Peaks to the west, and Hesperus Peak to the north
Center of creation
Dinétah" means "among the people" or "among the Navajo" (diné is the Navajo word that refers to the Navajo people; it also means "people" in the generic sense). In the geographical sense, Dinétah encompasses a large area of northwestern New Mexico, southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona. The exact boundaries are unclear, and are generally marked by mountain peaks which correspond to the four cardinal directions.
Near the Center they re-created Dził Náʼoodiłii, Soft Goods or Banded Rock Mountain. They left its summit bare, but they created two beings to reside there. They were Yódí neidiitsi ashkii, Boy Who Produces Goods, and Yódí neidiitsi atʼééd, Girl Who Produces Goods.
East of center they re-created Chʼóolʼį́ʼí, Precious Stones, or Great Spruce Mountain. They decorated it with pollen and the clouds that bring female rain. On it they created two beings, Nitłʼiz neidiitsi ashkii, the Boy Who Produces Jewels, and Nitłʼiz neidiitsi atʼééd, the Girl Who Produces Jewels, to live there forever[21].
Dinétah region is marked by high mesas and deep canyons that drain to the San Juan River
United States has plenary power to require Navajo Nation to submit proposed lase to United States Secretary of Interior for Secretarial review by the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Navajo Nation Council consists of 24 delegates representing the 110 Chapters, elected every four years by registered Navajo voters. Prior to the November 2010 election, the Navajo Nation Council consisted of 88 representatives.
Navajo Nation Code
Tribal Energy Resource Agreements (TERAs) Tribal land means any land or interests in land owned by a tribe or tribes
Land
Public, Tribal Trust, Tribal Fee, BLM, Private, State, and BIA Indian Allotment Lands
Eastern Agency: Tribal Fee, BIA Indian Allotments, BLM lands
Intention of the Navajo Nation to convert most all of Tribal Fee Lands to Tribal Trust
Individually owned lands are of two kinds:
• Trust land - The federal government holds legal title but the beneficial interest remains with the Individual Indian
• Restricted fee land - An individual Indian holds legal title but with legal restrictions against alienation or encumbrance
Tribally owned lands are of three kinds:
• Trust land - The federal government holds legal title but the beneficial interest remains with the tribe
• Restricted fee land - The tribe holds legal title but with legal restrictions against alienation or encumbrance
• Fee land purchased by tribes - The tribe acquires legal title under specific statutory authority. Fee land owned by a tribe outside the boundaries of a reservation is not subject to legal restrictions against alienation or encumbrance, absent any special circumstances. The law is not clear whether such restrictions apply to fee land within the boundaries of a reservation.
Division of Economic Development (DED) Phase I
Over 150 public, private and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools serve students from kindergarten through high school. Most schools receive funding from the Navajo Nation under the Johnson O’Malley program.
Navajo Preparatory School
There are six types of secondary establishments, including:
• Eight Arizona Public Schools
• New Mexico Public Schools
• Utah Public Schools
• Bureau of Indian Affairs Public Schools
• Association of Navajo Controlled Schools
• Navajo Preparatory School, Inc.
Literacy is Empowering Project
local Head Start, the only educational program operated by the Navajo Nation government. Post-secondary education and vocational training are available on and off the reservation.
Navajo Housing Authority, the tribally designated housing entity for the Navajo Nation
unemployment level fluctuates between an overall 40 and 45 percent for the nation of reported taxed income, but in some communities it can go as high as 85 percent or as low as 15 percent
Utah Dine Corporation: Utah Navajo Oil Reserves reenues in Aneth Oil Field sectio of Utah (SanJuan County, Utah)
The Navajo Nation is divided into five Agencies, with the seat of government located in the Window Rock/Tségháhoodzání. These agencies are similar to provincial entities and match the five Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agencies. These five Agencies within the Navajo Indian Reservation are Chinle Agency, Eastern Navajo Agency, Western Navajo Agency, Fort Defiance Agency, and Shiprock Agency. The BIA agencies provide various technical services under direction of the BIA's Navajo Area Office in Gallup, New Mexico. Agencies are further divided into Chapters, similar to counties, as the smallest political unit.
The tribal Trust lands have no private land ownerships, and all Tribal Trust land is owned in common and administered by the Nation's government. On the other hand BIA Indian Allotment lands are privately owned by the heirs and generations of the original BIA Indian Allotee to whom it was issued. With Tribal trust lands, leases are made both to customary land users (for homesites, grazing, and other uses) and organizations, which may include BIA and other federal agencies, churches and other religious organizations, as well as private or commercial businesses
Today
24,078.127 square miles (62,362.06 km2)
24,096.295 square miles (62,409.12 km2). Of water area
Navajo communities now have to face proposed new uranium solution mining that threatens the only source of drinking water for 10,000 to 15,000 people living in the Eastern Navajo Agency in northwestern New Mexico. The Southwest Research and Information Center (SRIC) aims to provide the public with information on resource exploitation on the people and their cultures, lands, water, and air of the American Southwest.
Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Monument Valley, Rainbow Bridge National Monument, and the Shiprock landmark.
Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation: It has a land area of 230.675 sq mi (597.445 km²), over 95 percent of which is designated as off-reservation trust land. There was a 2000 census resident population of 2,167 persons.[1] The Ramah Reservation's land area is less than one percent of the Navajo Nation's total area.
Alamo Navajo Indian Reservation: lying in northwestern Socorro County, New Mexico, USA, adjacent to the southeastern part of the Acoma Indian Reservation. It has a land area of 256.616 km² (99.08 sq mi), and a 2000 census resident population of almost 2,000 persons. The Alamo Band of the Navajo Nation Reservation's land area is only about four-tenths of one percent of the Navajo Nation's total area. The remote community has a K-12 school, Early Childhood Center, a new multi-million dollar Wellness Center, a Community Service center that provides non-school related programs, a state-of-the-art Health Center and KABR radio, 1500 AM.
Alamo Navajo Reservation (Tribal Census Tracts 9415 and 9461), Navajo Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Arizona/New Mexico/Utah
Tohajiilee Indian Reservation/Canoncito Indian Reservation: western Bernalillo, eastern Cibola, and southwestern Sandoval Counties in New Mexico, USA, west of the city of Albuquerque. It has a land area of 314.911 km² (121.588 sq mi) and a 2000 census resident population of 1,649 persons. The land area is only about one-half of one percent of the entire Navajo Nation total
Canoncito Indian Reservation (Tribal Census Tract 9459), Navajo Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Arizona/New Mexico/Utah
Bosque Redondo: inprisionment; Fort Sumner was a military fort in De Baca County in southeastern New Mexico charged with the internment of Navajo and Mescalero Apache populations from 1863-1868 at nearby Bosque Redondo.
October 31, 1862 Bosque Redondo reservation, a 40-square-mile (100 km2) area where over 9,000 Navajo (8,500) and Mescalero Apaches (500)
Pecos River
Large numbers in 1864 journey from Navajo land to Bosque Redondo as Long Walk
1865 Mescalero Apaches/strong enough escaped. Navajo not allowed to leave until May
1868 Navajo allowed to leave/failure
Arizona hinterlands (hideout while they were rounding up the Navajo in Arizona)
New Reservation
16 million acres
Navajo Indian Reservation 1868 (100 miles square in New Mexico)
3,328,302 acres- slightly more than half
37th parallel Northern latitude in the North
Fort Defiance southern border
Fort Lyon eastern border
Longitude 109? 30’
Most Navajo ingnored these rules and returned to prior establishments
1868-1934 land increase
Nn_border_hist_map.svg (SVG file, nominally 998 × 857 pixels, file size: 149 KB)
1868 After the return from Bosque Redondo in 1868, listed offenses were handled by the Indian Agent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs with the support of the U.S. Army, while lesser disputes remained under Navajo control
1878 October 28: 20 miles to the west
Eastern boarder shaped by Dawes Act of 1887
Divided into tribal lands(allotments)
Unfarmed/unsuccessfully farmed land was given to settlers
Continued until 1934; until then checkerboard area appeared in the eastern boarder of reservation/non-reservation land
Today Navajo lands are mingled with fee lands, owned by both Navajos and non-Navajos, f
1880
1882
1884
1886
1900
1901
1905 added region around Aneth confirmed by congress in 1933
1907
1913
1918
1930
1934 (2x)
Indian Reorganization Act
1935
Constitutional initiatives rejected Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
1944 to 1986, 3.9 million tons of uranium ore were chiseled and blasted from the mountains and plains. The mines provided uranium for the Manhattan Project, the top-secret effort to develop an atomic bomb, and for the weapons stockpile built up during the arms race with the Soviet Union
1950 the Navajo Tribal Council decided that judges should be elected;
1953
Constitutional initiatives rejected Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
1958 judicial reorganization of, the problems with delayed decisions and partisan politics convinced the Council that appointment was a better method of selecting judges: Navajo Tribal Council on 16 October; current
Navajo Court of Indian Offenses were elimintaed
Sitting judges became judges in the new system
Trail courts of the Navajo Tribe
Navajo Tribal Court of Appeals
1959 1 April Judicail Branch of the Navajo Nation Government became effective
1960s. As the threat of the Cold War gradually diminished over the next two decades, four processing mills and more than 1,000 mines on tribal land shut down, leaving behind radioactive waste piles, open tunnels and pits.
1963
Failed Constitutional initiatives Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Drafted/adopted by governing council but not ratified by members
1978 Supreme Judicial Council established could hear from Navajo Tribal Court of Appeals
1980 relocate Dine living in the Navajo/Hopi joint area/75-year lease to Navajos who refused to leave the former shared lands
1980 San Juan
1985 Judicail Reform Act; back to
Sitting judges became judges in the new system
Trail courts of the Navajo Tribe
Navajo Tribal Court of Appeals
1988-2006 seven judicail districts
1690 Senate Bill Utah Navajo Oil Royalties
1991 three branch system government established: executive, legislative, judicial
2004 the nation signed a compact with New Mexico to operate a casino at To'hajiilee, near Albuquerque. Navajo leaders also negotiated with Arizona officials for casinos near Flagstaff, Lake Powell, Winslow, Sanders (Nahata Dziil Chapter), and Cameron (the Grand Canyon entrance).
2006 Navajo Constitution started to advocate for Navajo constitutional convention;goal is to have representation from every chapter on Navajo Nation
2008, the Navajo Nation and Boston-based Citizens Energy Corp. reached a deal to build a 500-megawatt wind farm some 50 miles (80 km) north of Flagstaff, AZ. Known as the Diné Wind Project
2010 ten judicial districts, family courts: over domestic relations, civil relief in domestic violence, children custody/protection, name changes,
October of 2010, 77 current delegates to the 88-member Navajo Nation Council were charged with offenses including theft and fraud in the use of tribal slush funds just weeks before the 2010 November election. Not guilty was what the Councilmen charged pleaded, to those tribal charges of fraud, conspiracy and theft.
Long walk to Navajo Nation
1923 Navajo Indian Reservation
April 15, 1969 Navajo Nation
Geographic entity legally defined borders
Naabeehó Bináhásdzo
Diné Bikéyah
Naabeehó Bikéyah
Navajoland
Third World, Niʼ Hałtsooí traditional Navajo creation story: two rivers formed a cross the Sacred Mountain: Tó Ałnáosdlį́į́, Crossing of the Waters. Female river north to south; male east to west
Near the Center of the Yellow World was Dził Náʼoodiłii, Soft Goods or Banded Rock Mountain. And near it, East of center, there was Chʼóolʼį́ʼí, Precious Stones, or Great Spruce Mountain and the four
Fourth world, Niʼ Hodisxǫs: four mountains were reformed from soil in the 2nd world
Dinétah: traditional homeland of the Navajo people
Four sacred Mountains: mountains Dookʼoʼsłííd (San Francisco Peaks) abalone shell mountain, Dibé Ntsaa (Hesperus Mountain) big mountain sheep, Sisnaajiní (Blanca Peak) dawn/white shell mountain, and Tsoodził (Mount Taylor) blue bead/turquoise: They saw that they were on an island in the middle of a bubbling lake[13], surrounded by high cliffs [14]. At first he people could not find a way to get across the water to the shore. They called on Water Sprinkler to help them. He had brought four great stones with him from the Third World. He threw one to the east. When it hit the cliff wall, it broke a hole through it, and water began to flow out of the lake. The threw a stone to the south. He threw one to the west. And to the north he threw one. Each stone created a hole in the cliff, and the water of the lake became lower. A lane now connected the island to the shore to the east, but it was deep with mud. The people called on Níłchʼi dilkǫǫh, Smooth Wind, to help them. He blew steadily for a long time, and finally the people were able to leave the island
first human born in the Fourth World is Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé who, in turn, gives birth to the Hero Twins called Naayééʼ Neizghání and Tóbájíshchíní. The twins have many adventures in which they helped to rid the world of various monsters. Mountain formations
Blanca Peak to the east, Mount Taylor to the south, the San Francisco Peaks to the west, and Hesperus Peak to the north
Center of creation
Dinétah" means "among the people" or "among the Navajo" (diné is the Navajo word that refers to the Navajo people; it also means "people" in the generic sense). In the geographical sense, Dinétah encompasses a large area of northwestern New Mexico, southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona. The exact boundaries are unclear, and are generally marked by mountain peaks which correspond to the four cardinal directions.
Near the Center they re-created Dził Náʼoodiłii, Soft Goods or Banded Rock Mountain. They left its summit bare, but they created two beings to reside there. They were Yódí neidiitsi ashkii, Boy Who Produces Goods, and Yódí neidiitsi atʼééd, Girl Who Produces Goods.
East of center they re-created Chʼóolʼį́ʼí, Precious Stones, or Great Spruce Mountain. They decorated it with pollen and the clouds that bring female rain. On it they created two beings, Nitłʼiz neidiitsi ashkii, the Boy Who Produces Jewels, and Nitłʼiz neidiitsi atʼééd, the Girl Who Produces Jewels, to live there forever[21].
Dinétah region is marked by high mesas and deep canyons that drain to the San Juan River
United States has plenary power to require Navajo Nation to submit proposed lase to United States Secretary of Interior for Secretarial review by the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Navajo Nation Council consists of 24 delegates representing the 110 Chapters, elected every four years by registered Navajo voters. Prior to the November 2010 election, the Navajo Nation Council consisted of 88 representatives.
Navajo Nation Code
Tribal Energy Resource Agreements (TERAs) Tribal land means any land or interests in land owned by a tribe or tribes
Land
Public, Tribal Trust, Tribal Fee, BLM, Private, State, and BIA Indian Allotment Lands
Eastern Agency: Tribal Fee, BIA Indian Allotments, BLM lands
Intention of the Navajo Nation to convert most all of Tribal Fee Lands to Tribal Trust
Individually owned lands are of two kinds:
• Trust land - The federal government holds legal title but the beneficial interest remains with the Individual Indian
• Restricted fee land - An individual Indian holds legal title but with legal restrictions against alienation or encumbrance
Tribally owned lands are of three kinds:
• Trust land - The federal government holds legal title but the beneficial interest remains with the tribe
• Restricted fee land - The tribe holds legal title but with legal restrictions against alienation or encumbrance
• Fee land purchased by tribes - The tribe acquires legal title under specific statutory authority. Fee land owned by a tribe outside the boundaries of a reservation is not subject to legal restrictions against alienation or encumbrance, absent any special circumstances. The law is not clear whether such restrictions apply to fee land within the boundaries of a reservation.
Thursday, January 6, 2011
GEOG national geographic maps and articles
Publication: National Geographic ADVENTURE magazine
Title: 14 Secrets of the Southwest
Series Title: The Hidden Southwest
Alternative Title(s): Fourteen Secrets of the Southwest
Learn the Ancient Way
35 New Adventures: Canyon Hikes, River Trips, Cool Towns, Desert Biking, Fly-in Backcountry, and More!
Thirty-five New Adventures: Canyon Hikes, River Trips, Cool Towns, Desert Biking, Fly-in Backcountry, and More!
A City Slicker Hits the Rez
Date: Mar. 2008
Volume: v. 10, no. 2
Pages: 66-77
Contributor(s): Siber, Kate Author
LeDuff, Charlie Author
Kish, Dawn Photographer
Additional Contributors: Bradley, Ryan Author
Collier, Christopher Percy Author
Ketcham, Christopher Author
Richardson, Whit Photographer
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine map supplement
Date: Sept. 2004
Volume: v. 206, no. 3
Pages: Supplement
Other Side: NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURES: A LEGACY OF LANGUAGE AND INSPIRED IDEAS Map Supplement
Subject(s): History --United States
Indians of North America
Land claims
United States
Notes: Contents: Map of the United States showing native homelands today and American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations by state and for cities of 100,000 people or more; notes on state names of Indian origin, fishing rights, "red power," education, sacred land, reservations, health care, Cherokee Nation, who is an Indian, Everglades restoration, casinos, New York City Indians, Bureau of Indian Affairs, citizenship and taxes.
Included: Portraits of Native American notables including: Little Turtle, Tecumseh, Sequoyah, Eli Parker, Sitting Bull, Jim Thorpe, a Navajo code talker, Elizabeth Peratrovich, N. Scott Momaday, Joe de la Cruz, Wilma Mankiller, Vine Deloria, Jr., Oren Lyons, Winona Laduke, John Echohawk, and Sherman Alexie; photo of Marie Randall, a Lakota elder.
Scale: Albers Conic Equal-Area
Projection: 1:8,427,000
Size: 20 1/4 x 31 inches
Inset Title(s): Inset map included: A Nation Expands, 1775-1819
Inset included: Alaska
Inset map included: Forced Exodus, 1820-1864
Inset included: Gambling for the Everglades
Inset included: Hawaii
Inset included: Introduction
Inset included: Indian Jackpot
Inset map included: Land Rush, 1865-1894
Inset included: Long History of Losing Ground
Inset map included: New Battlefields, 1895-2004
Inset included: Portraits of Pride
Inset included: We Are Many
Inset included: Who Is an Indian?
Region(s): North America
Publication: National Geographic TRAVELER magazine
Title: Visit Canyon Country With Indian Guides
Variant Title: Department : Trips
Date: May/June 2002
Volume: v. 19, no. 4
Pages: 115
Subject(s): Canyons
Indians of North America
Outfitters
Southwest (region), U. S.
Notes: Included: Photo of Canyon de Chelly viewed from Spider Rock Overlook.
Also included: Outfitters: Moki Treks, Side Canyon website; Overland Canyon Tours; Grand Canyon; Monument Valley; Arches National Park; Canyonlands National Park; Navajo Indians; hogans.
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: Better Days for the Navajos: The Largest U.S. Indian Tribe Shapes a New Life With Schools and Hospitals, Irrigated Farms, Steady Jobs, Oil, and Uranium
Date: Dec. 1958
Pages: 809-847
Contributor(s): Breed, Jack Author
Herbert, Charles W. Photographer
Subject(s): Folk art
Indians of North America
Navajo Indians
Oil
Shamanism
Sheep raising
Silversmiths
Uranium
Arizona
Monument Valley, Arizona-Utah
Utah
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: The North American Indian
Date: June 1908
Pages: 448-454
Subject(s): Apache Indians
Indians of North America
North America
Notes: Indians included: Apaches, Havasupais, Maricopas, Mojaves, Navajo, Papagos, Pimas, Walapais, Yumas.
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: Indian Tribes of Pueblo Land
Date: Nov. 1940
Pages: 549-596
Contributor(s): Stirling, Matthew W. Author
Kihn, W. Langdon Artist
Subject(s): Anthropology, physical
Apache Indians
Havasupai Indians
Hopi Indians
Indians of North America
Navajo Indians
Pueblo culture
Zuni Indians
Notes: Included: Painting insert, "Red Men of the Southwest."
Indians included: Acomas, Apaches, Basket Makers, Cliff Dwellers, Cocopas, Comanches, Havasupais, Hohokam Culture, Hopis, Kiowas, Lagunas, Mojaves, Navajo, Paiutes, Papagos, Pimas, San Ildefonsos, Tewas, Utes, Yaquis, Yavapais, Yumas, Zunis.
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: Flaming Cliffs of Monument Valley
Date: Oct. 1945
Pages: 452-461
Contributor(s): Breed, Jack Author-Photographer
Subject(s): Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona-Utah
Navajo Indians
Arizona
Monument Valley, Arizona-Utah
Utah
Title: 14 Secrets of the Southwest
Series Title: The Hidden Southwest
Alternative Title(s): Fourteen Secrets of the Southwest
Learn the Ancient Way
35 New Adventures: Canyon Hikes, River Trips, Cool Towns, Desert Biking, Fly-in Backcountry, and More!
Thirty-five New Adventures: Canyon Hikes, River Trips, Cool Towns, Desert Biking, Fly-in Backcountry, and More!
A City Slicker Hits the Rez
Date: Mar. 2008
Volume: v. 10, no. 2
Pages: 66-77
Contributor(s): Siber, Kate Author
LeDuff, Charlie Author
Kish, Dawn Photographer
Additional Contributors: Bradley, Ryan Author
Collier, Christopher Percy Author
Ketcham, Christopher Author
Richardson, Whit Photographer
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine map supplement
Date: Sept. 2004
Volume: v. 206, no. 3
Pages: Supplement
Other Side: NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURES: A LEGACY OF LANGUAGE AND INSPIRED IDEAS Map Supplement
Subject(s): History --United States
Indians of North America
Land claims
United States
Notes: Contents: Map of the United States showing native homelands today and American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations by state and for cities of 100,000 people or more; notes on state names of Indian origin, fishing rights, "red power," education, sacred land, reservations, health care, Cherokee Nation, who is an Indian, Everglades restoration, casinos, New York City Indians, Bureau of Indian Affairs, citizenship and taxes.
Included: Portraits of Native American notables including: Little Turtle, Tecumseh, Sequoyah, Eli Parker, Sitting Bull, Jim Thorpe, a Navajo code talker, Elizabeth Peratrovich, N. Scott Momaday, Joe de la Cruz, Wilma Mankiller, Vine Deloria, Jr., Oren Lyons, Winona Laduke, John Echohawk, and Sherman Alexie; photo of Marie Randall, a Lakota elder.
Scale: Albers Conic Equal-Area
Projection: 1:8,427,000
Size: 20 1/4 x 31 inches
Inset Title(s): Inset map included: A Nation Expands, 1775-1819
Inset included: Alaska
Inset map included: Forced Exodus, 1820-1864
Inset included: Gambling for the Everglades
Inset included: Hawaii
Inset included: Introduction
Inset included: Indian Jackpot
Inset map included: Land Rush, 1865-1894
Inset included: Long History of Losing Ground
Inset map included: New Battlefields, 1895-2004
Inset included: Portraits of Pride
Inset included: We Are Many
Inset included: Who Is an Indian?
Region(s): North America
Publication: National Geographic TRAVELER magazine
Title: Visit Canyon Country With Indian Guides
Variant Title: Department : Trips
Date: May/June 2002
Volume: v. 19, no. 4
Pages: 115
Subject(s): Canyons
Indians of North America
Outfitters
Southwest (region), U. S.
Notes: Included: Photo of Canyon de Chelly viewed from Spider Rock Overlook.
Also included: Outfitters: Moki Treks, Side Canyon website; Overland Canyon Tours; Grand Canyon; Monument Valley; Arches National Park; Canyonlands National Park; Navajo Indians; hogans.
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: Better Days for the Navajos: The Largest U.S. Indian Tribe Shapes a New Life With Schools and Hospitals, Irrigated Farms, Steady Jobs, Oil, and Uranium
Date: Dec. 1958
Pages: 809-847
Contributor(s): Breed, Jack Author
Herbert, Charles W. Photographer
Subject(s): Folk art
Indians of North America
Navajo Indians
Oil
Shamanism
Sheep raising
Silversmiths
Uranium
Arizona
Monument Valley, Arizona-Utah
Utah
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: The North American Indian
Date: June 1908
Pages: 448-454
Subject(s): Apache Indians
Indians of North America
North America
Notes: Indians included: Apaches, Havasupais, Maricopas, Mojaves, Navajo, Papagos, Pimas, Walapais, Yumas.
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: Indian Tribes of Pueblo Land
Date: Nov. 1940
Pages: 549-596
Contributor(s): Stirling, Matthew W. Author
Kihn, W. Langdon Artist
Subject(s): Anthropology, physical
Apache Indians
Havasupai Indians
Hopi Indians
Indians of North America
Navajo Indians
Pueblo culture
Zuni Indians
Notes: Included: Painting insert, "Red Men of the Southwest."
Indians included: Acomas, Apaches, Basket Makers, Cliff Dwellers, Cocopas, Comanches, Havasupais, Hohokam Culture, Hopis, Kiowas, Lagunas, Mojaves, Navajo, Paiutes, Papagos, Pimas, San Ildefonsos, Tewas, Utes, Yaquis, Yavapais, Yumas, Zunis.
Publication: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine feature article
Title: Flaming Cliffs of Monument Valley
Date: Oct. 1945
Pages: 452-461
Contributor(s): Breed, Jack Author-Photographer
Subject(s): Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona-Utah
Navajo Indians
Arizona
Monument Valley, Arizona-Utah
Utah
REG #1 scripture reading
It struck me while I was reading that one of the effects of Christ's Atonement being eternal is that that the sins I comitted in the pre-mortal life were forgiven before I entered this mortal state. When I came to earth I did not remember the pre-mortal life, and the sins and transgressions I commited there were forgiven. This enabled me to have a fresh start; I was inocent again. The Atonement had never encompoused so much to me. I used to believe that it mierly covered up the sins I committe in this life, but now I can see that the Atonement is truly eternal. I have always believed in a pre-mortal, a mortal, and an after life. In the pre-mortal life I understood that there were opertunities to sin, because of the third of the hosts of heaven who chose the to leave God's precence and join the devil. From my experiences on earth I was fully aware that there are many opertunities to sin. I aslo assumed that there are chances to sin in the after life becuase I have heard it will take thousands of years after this life to reach perfection. I had never made the conection though that the Atonement had influencial power in all of these realms of sin. In my mind the Atonement was this white wash of forgiveness that just covered everything up. It was aw stricking to realized that when I entered this life I was litterally re-born throught the Atonement; it was not some sloppy cover up job, but a complete transformation of my soul. As my understanding of the majesty of the Atonement increases I can feel my faith strengthen.
Thursday, December 16, 2010
Isaiah notes
Chiasmus organization
Warnings of Wickedness (ch. 1-23)
Judgments upon the world (ch. 24-25)
Humility of Israel (ch. 36-39)
People seeking the Lord (ch. 40-47)
Blessings of the Messiah and the last days (ch. 48-64)
A final promise and warning (ch. 65-66)
Significant Isaiah Chapters
Bold and Italics= Isaiah chapters also found in the Book of Mormon
Chapter 1 warnings and promises to the House of Israel
Chapter 2-14 House of Israel insights and the Last Days
Chapters 18-19 America and Egypt in the Last Days
Chapters 24-27 Isaiah’s Apocalypse
Chapters 28-29 Insights into sacred records and learning
Chapter 40 The attributes of God
Chapters 48-54 Messianic, Book of Mormon, and Last Day prophecies
Chapter 55 Insights into God’s higher ways and thoughts
Chapter 58 Key chapter of all scriptures on fasting
Chapters 61-63 Messianic roles with First and Second comings
Key Isaiah Chapters
Bold and Italics= Isaiah chapters also found in the Book of Mormon
Chapter 1 Isaiah introduces gospel concepts (principles and ordinances)
Chapter 6 Isaiah’s “First Vision” and calling
Chapter 11 Key servants and promises of the Last Days
Chapter 29 Records from the dead
Chapter 40 Key attributes of God
Chapter 53 The suffering, atoning servant
Chapter 61 The Savoir brings redemption and victory
Messianic prophecies concentrated
Chapters 6-9, 11, 61, and 63
Servant songs Chapters 42, 49, 50, 53
Three major sections
Prophecies of Judgment (ch. 1-35)
Warnings to Israel. Isaiah’s call to repentance, Isaiah’s vision, Messianic prophecies, Millennial (ch. 1-12)
Pronouncements to the foreign nations: Babylon, Moab, Syria, Africa, America, Egypt … (ch. 13-23)
Revelations of the Lord’s Judgments and blessings: prophecies, psalms, prayers (ch. 24-27)
Warnings to Israel of her suffering and to the wicked world of it’s destruction before Millennium (ch. 24-35)
Historical Narrative (ch. 36-39)
Record of the Assyrian invasion and King Hezekiah’s sickness in pose (ch. 36-39)
Promises of Redemption (ch. 40-66)
Affirmation of God’s power and salvation contains the first of Isaiah’s servent songs (ch. 40-47)
Redemption of Israel by the Messiah and welcomes all to become Israelites (ch. 48-52)
Great servant song of the Messiah and his glory (ch. 53)
Universal invitation to jion in the Lord’s work and trust in his ways instead of the ways of sin (ch. 54-58)
Glorious prophecies of the last days and the reality of the restoration and temple work in the new heaven and new earth (ch. 59-66)
Understanding Poetry Parallelism:
Synonymous: the theme of the first line repeats itself in the second line, but in slightly different words (railroad tracks)
Antithetic: a thought of the second part of a couple contrast with an opposite theme in the first (black silhouette against background)
Emblematic: the ideas of two lines are compared by means of a simile or metaphor (shadow; a little hazy but seeable)
Synthetic: the second line completes or complements the thought of the first (belt and buckle complete one another)
Composite: three or more phrases develop a theme by amplifying a concepts or defining a term (spokes of a wheel)
Climactic: part of one line is repeated in the other lines until a theme is developed with a climatic idea (steps of a staircase)
Introverted/Chiasmus: a pattern of words or ideas is stated then repeated in reverse order with the center as the focus (Hour glass)
Unpardonable and Unforgivable:
Unpardonable= deny the Holy Ghost, but it is forgivable and Christ paid for it in the Atonement; the sinner can not ever make full payment himself
Unforgivable= murder, but it can be pardoned, Christ could not suffer the penalty and the sinner must make the sin pardoned by paying for it themselves
Forgiveness= based on repentance, there must be full restitution for the crime
“The second most serious sin is to commit murder—that is, to willfully shed innocent blood. Concerning this sin, the Lord has said: ‘Thou shalt not kill; and he that kills shall not have forgiveness in this world, nor in the world to come.’ ( D&C 42:18 .) Thus this is an unforgivable sin, which means that Jesus Christ cannot pay for (or ‘atone for’ or ‘forgive’) the penalty demanded by the broken law. This sin is a pardonable sin, however; that is, the sinner can eventually make full payment himself, and be received into a state of pardon. Apparently one reason this sin is unforgivable is that forgiveness is based upon repentance, and a murderer cannot fully repent of his sin for he cannot make restitution of the life he has taken” (DanielH. Ludlow, A Companion to Your Study of the Book of Mormon [1976], 222).
Abraham A ‘father of nations’ who now sits exalted upon a throne in eternity
Birthright A spiritual, priesthood inheritance which ancient patriarchs gave to their most righteous son (who was often not their firstborn son
Jew A descendant of a person (or citizen) from the ancient Southern Kingdom of Judah
Preface or introduction
Historical background/context
Stipulations, general and specific
Some type of a symbolic ritual act
Blessings/rewards and curses/punishments
Witnesses (usually earthly and heavenly)
Recording and the perpetuation of the covenant Usual essential element of a covenant
Savior The root for the names of both “Jesus” and “Isaiah” derive from the Hebrew root Joshua, which means:
Identity/intelligence
Knowledge
Freedom of choices
Laws and consequences
Preservation/supervision
Action
Efficacy/competence In discussing whether Cyrus was a free agent, we reviewed seven elements of necessary for free agency which are
Mission of the Church- members working to establish cause
Type of people- community with pure in heart dwell
Ecclesiastical organization- stake of the Church
Place- the ‘New Jerusalem’
Protected place of refuge/defense- a ‘tsiyon’ LDS scriptural definition of “Zion”
New temple built in Jerusalem
David will lead Israel
Nations of the earth gather against Jerusalem and attach Judah
Two prophets are to be raised up to the Jewish nation Unfulfilled prophecies
Prophecies about the House of Israel Key unique group to watch and match it with other lists of prophecies
Enoch, Moses, Elijah Priesthood powers like three particular prophets of old
Teach restored truths and properly baptize Christians
Build outward from centers of strength
Last to be scattered are first to be gathered
Build relationships of trust and give service to others
Bring to Christ through changes of attitude/knowledge/belief Customary means in Christ’s restored church as to how missionary work is going to gather in scattered Israel
Land Israelite Descendants of Christian crusaders and Arab Palestinians now living in Bethlehem as Israeli citizens
Land and blood Israelite German Jews who live n Jerusalem as Israeli citizens
Land, Blood, and covenant Israelite French Jews who joined the Church in Europe and then immigrated to Israel to become citizens
Jesus and New Testament writes cite and quoted from both halves of Isaiah and attribute the words to Isaiah Isaiah was written by one person
One who prevails with God
A covenant member of Christ’s Church and heir to the blessings promised to Jacob
A citizen of the land or nation of Palestine/Israel, either in ancient or in modern times
A literal descendant of Jacob, eve in they are unaware that he is in their pedigree Usually define and described Israel/Israelite people
Has the Lord punished Israel as He punished her oppressors Although all people suffer different types of afflictions on earth, the wicked ultimately suffer more than the righteous
For the bed is too short and the covering is too narrow Life is miserable and uncomfortable for those who do not heed God’s teachings and commandments
2 New 26-27 Isaiah 29 and commentary on how these words apply to his writings
A people who are united and pure in heart
A safe, protected place, such as a ridge or hilltop
An organization of ecclesiastical units called ‘stakes’
A chosen city or land of inheritance where the Lord can reign
A noble cause of which the Latter-day Saints should strive to build Represent a literal/symbolic meaning of “Zion”
Seer One who sees new truths through spiritual eyes
Leviathan Monster serpent of the deep; symbol of evil
Hart A fleet footed fallow-deer or a roebuck
Edom One who has secret or hidden books not in the Bible
Line by line Divine law or commandment given by the Lord
Fence Personal law or application of a commandment
When we say: we have enough We will lose our testimonies if we don’t continually strengthen them
Written primarily in prose
Most of Isaiah’s recorded miracles
Out of chronological sequence
Contain poem/psalm of King Hezekiah Isaiah 36-39
Jews being to come to a knowledge of their Redeemer Jews will be gathered to the lands of their inheritance
It changes moods and tenor often as it highlights opposite extremes Apocalyptic literature is bipolar
The people accept their fate and say, “Let us eat and drink; for tomorrow we shall die.” Impending scourge in Isaiah 22 and the famous attitude of the people
Aram (land) Damascus/Syria
Samaria (land) Ephraim/Israel
Edom (land) Esau/Jordan
Ahaz (king) King of Judah who responds to Syro-Israelite invasion by seeking Assyrian aid
Pekah (king) Son of Remaliah, rebel, murderous king of Israel who fights Judah and Assyria
“water of Shiloah” The Lord’s tender care and the gentle promptings, messages of the spirit
“The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob” An historical and/or an eschatological gropu of Israelites who gather either physically and/or spiritually
A rod (shoot) out of the stem of Jesse A servant in the hands of Christ in whom is much power (Davidic figure of the last days)
Diaspora Greek word meaning “The Lord is made known”
Shechinah The ‘presence,’ glory, light or protective care of the Lord
Messiah Aramaic/Hebrew word meaning the “Anointed One”
Satan The “slanderer” or from Aramaci root, the “earth shaker”
Jehovah or ‘Yahweh’ The eternal “I AM”, Jesus’ premortal name/title
The waters which cover the sea Isaiah 11 Isaiah indicates that knowledge of the Lord will be as much a common reality as…
Recognizes God for who He is/divine attributes
Part of “Lord’s Prayer” as He instructed His disciples
Extolling/worshiping a divine being/ruler Usual form of “praise” in psalms/prophetic discourse
Prophetic books Isaiah writings are found in which collection of the Old Testament books
Oral transmission
Repetition
Short, structured poetry Helpful in appreciating how information and knowledge was taught in Israelites time
Assyria Country that dominated the Middle East during Isaiah’s ministry
Isaiah promises the latter-day return of the house of Israel Study Jewish and Lamanite history; be aware of Church missionary success
Isaiah’s words are plain to those with the ‘spirit of prophecy’ Seek and live worthy to gain a testimony of Jesus Christ
Semantic Type of parallelism Isaiah emphasizes
90% How much of Isaiah is written in poetry
66 chapters How many chapters of Isaiah are in the Old Testament
Silhouette Antithetic parallelism
“wise in their own eyes and prudent in their own sight” Isa. 5:21 Synonymous parallelism
Belt and buckle Synthetic parallelism
Steps of a staircase Climatic parallelism
You will be lien a garden that has not water Isa. 1:30 Emblematic parallelism
English words which were not present in the Hebrew or Greek text of the manuscript used Bible Dictionary of the LDS edition of the King James Version of the Bible, what is the meaning/explanation of the biblical words or text that are printed in italics
For what purpose are your sacrifices Pivotal message of Isaiah 1:2-20
Interpretation/meaning of his writings through other scriptures
Technique/mechanics as seen in his poetic style Two levels of to study Isaiah and his manner of prophesying
Faith as a gospel principle Develop a trusting relationship with the Lord
Isaiah 2 In the tumultuous last days, many go to the mountain of the Lord’s house; others flee into caves for the fear of the Lord
Isaiah 3 Weak men avoiding responsibility and vain women seeking high fashion bring terrible judgments in the last days
Isaiah 7 King Ahza receives a sigh (a young woman having a son, Immanuel), which he doesn’t ask for; a dualistic prophecy of Christ’s future birth
Isaiah 10 The Lord controls peoples just as the hwer guides the axe: Assyria’s destruction and invasion (from the north) like one in last days.
Isaiah 14 A song of scron over the “king of Babylon” (Lucifer) and his promised fall to the opposite realms of his prideful ambitions
Isaiah 18 Blessings of Zion (America) and missionary work prophesied
Isaiah 24 Earth and her people will suffer for broken laws and covenants as they are burned at the Second Coming, but those in (spirit) prison will be visited
Isaiah 29 Sacred records will come from the dust of the earth which will be unreadable for the unlearned and confusing for the learned
Isaiah 31 Those who rely on Egypt and the arm of flesh will fall together with their allies and support; the Lord will come and defend his people
Isaiah 35 The desert shall blossom as the rose and Zion shall be built up; the ransomed of Israel will return
Isaiah 39 Judah’s wealth is shown to Babylonian representatives; Isaiah prophesies the Babylonian captivity of the Jews
Isaiah 40 Those how trust in the Lord will share the strength and attributes and powers of God (Who judges Israel and cares for this flock like a shepherded)
Isaiah 45 Cyrus shall free the captives of Israel; every knee will bow and every tongue will recognize the true Lord
Isaiah 48 The Lord reveals his purposes to covenant Israel (patterned in a treaty or covenant format); Israel will come froth out of Babylon; 1st chapter quoted in Book of Mormon
Isaiah 52 Awake, for Israel shall be redeemed, how beautiful are the watchmen and those who bring good tidings; this chapter is the most quotes in the Book of Mormon
Warnings of Wickedness (ch. 1-23)
Judgments upon the world (ch. 24-25)
Humility of Israel (ch. 36-39)
People seeking the Lord (ch. 40-47)
Blessings of the Messiah and the last days (ch. 48-64)
A final promise and warning (ch. 65-66)
Significant Isaiah Chapters
Bold and Italics= Isaiah chapters also found in the Book of Mormon
Chapter 1 warnings and promises to the House of Israel
Chapter 2-14 House of Israel insights and the Last Days
Chapters 18-19 America and Egypt in the Last Days
Chapters 24-27 Isaiah’s Apocalypse
Chapters 28-29 Insights into sacred records and learning
Chapter 40 The attributes of God
Chapters 48-54 Messianic, Book of Mormon, and Last Day prophecies
Chapter 55 Insights into God’s higher ways and thoughts
Chapter 58 Key chapter of all scriptures on fasting
Chapters 61-63 Messianic roles with First and Second comings
Key Isaiah Chapters
Bold and Italics= Isaiah chapters also found in the Book of Mormon
Chapter 1 Isaiah introduces gospel concepts (principles and ordinances)
Chapter 6 Isaiah’s “First Vision” and calling
Chapter 11 Key servants and promises of the Last Days
Chapter 29 Records from the dead
Chapter 40 Key attributes of God
Chapter 53 The suffering, atoning servant
Chapter 61 The Savoir brings redemption and victory
Messianic prophecies concentrated
Chapters 6-9, 11, 61, and 63
Servant songs Chapters 42, 49, 50, 53
Three major sections
Prophecies of Judgment (ch. 1-35)
Warnings to Israel. Isaiah’s call to repentance, Isaiah’s vision, Messianic prophecies, Millennial (ch. 1-12)
Pronouncements to the foreign nations: Babylon, Moab, Syria, Africa, America, Egypt … (ch. 13-23)
Revelations of the Lord’s Judgments and blessings: prophecies, psalms, prayers (ch. 24-27)
Warnings to Israel of her suffering and to the wicked world of it’s destruction before Millennium (ch. 24-35)
Historical Narrative (ch. 36-39)
Record of the Assyrian invasion and King Hezekiah’s sickness in pose (ch. 36-39)
Promises of Redemption (ch. 40-66)
Affirmation of God’s power and salvation contains the first of Isaiah’s servent songs (ch. 40-47)
Redemption of Israel by the Messiah and welcomes all to become Israelites (ch. 48-52)
Great servant song of the Messiah and his glory (ch. 53)
Universal invitation to jion in the Lord’s work and trust in his ways instead of the ways of sin (ch. 54-58)
Glorious prophecies of the last days and the reality of the restoration and temple work in the new heaven and new earth (ch. 59-66)
Understanding Poetry Parallelism:
Synonymous: the theme of the first line repeats itself in the second line, but in slightly different words (railroad tracks)
Antithetic: a thought of the second part of a couple contrast with an opposite theme in the first (black silhouette against background)
Emblematic: the ideas of two lines are compared by means of a simile or metaphor (shadow; a little hazy but seeable)
Synthetic: the second line completes or complements the thought of the first (belt and buckle complete one another)
Composite: three or more phrases develop a theme by amplifying a concepts or defining a term (spokes of a wheel)
Climactic: part of one line is repeated in the other lines until a theme is developed with a climatic idea (steps of a staircase)
Introverted/Chiasmus: a pattern of words or ideas is stated then repeated in reverse order with the center as the focus (Hour glass)
Unpardonable and Unforgivable:
Unpardonable= deny the Holy Ghost, but it is forgivable and Christ paid for it in the Atonement; the sinner can not ever make full payment himself
Unforgivable= murder, but it can be pardoned, Christ could not suffer the penalty and the sinner must make the sin pardoned by paying for it themselves
Forgiveness= based on repentance, there must be full restitution for the crime
“The second most serious sin is to commit murder—that is, to willfully shed innocent blood. Concerning this sin, the Lord has said: ‘Thou shalt not kill; and he that kills shall not have forgiveness in this world, nor in the world to come.’ ( D&C 42:18 .) Thus this is an unforgivable sin, which means that Jesus Christ cannot pay for (or ‘atone for’ or ‘forgive’) the penalty demanded by the broken law. This sin is a pardonable sin, however; that is, the sinner can eventually make full payment himself, and be received into a state of pardon. Apparently one reason this sin is unforgivable is that forgiveness is based upon repentance, and a murderer cannot fully repent of his sin for he cannot make restitution of the life he has taken” (DanielH. Ludlow, A Companion to Your Study of the Book of Mormon [1976], 222).
Abraham A ‘father of nations’ who now sits exalted upon a throne in eternity
Birthright A spiritual, priesthood inheritance which ancient patriarchs gave to their most righteous son (who was often not their firstborn son
Jew A descendant of a person (or citizen) from the ancient Southern Kingdom of Judah
Preface or introduction
Historical background/context
Stipulations, general and specific
Some type of a symbolic ritual act
Blessings/rewards and curses/punishments
Witnesses (usually earthly and heavenly)
Recording and the perpetuation of the covenant Usual essential element of a covenant
Savior The root for the names of both “Jesus” and “Isaiah” derive from the Hebrew root Joshua, which means:
Identity/intelligence
Knowledge
Freedom of choices
Laws and consequences
Preservation/supervision
Action
Efficacy/competence In discussing whether Cyrus was a free agent, we reviewed seven elements of necessary for free agency which are
Mission of the Church- members working to establish cause
Type of people- community with pure in heart dwell
Ecclesiastical organization- stake of the Church
Place- the ‘New Jerusalem’
Protected place of refuge/defense- a ‘tsiyon’ LDS scriptural definition of “Zion”
New temple built in Jerusalem
David will lead Israel
Nations of the earth gather against Jerusalem and attach Judah
Two prophets are to be raised up to the Jewish nation Unfulfilled prophecies
Prophecies about the House of Israel Key unique group to watch and match it with other lists of prophecies
Enoch, Moses, Elijah Priesthood powers like three particular prophets of old
Teach restored truths and properly baptize Christians
Build outward from centers of strength
Last to be scattered are first to be gathered
Build relationships of trust and give service to others
Bring to Christ through changes of attitude/knowledge/belief Customary means in Christ’s restored church as to how missionary work is going to gather in scattered Israel
Land Israelite Descendants of Christian crusaders and Arab Palestinians now living in Bethlehem as Israeli citizens
Land and blood Israelite German Jews who live n Jerusalem as Israeli citizens
Land, Blood, and covenant Israelite French Jews who joined the Church in Europe and then immigrated to Israel to become citizens
Jesus and New Testament writes cite and quoted from both halves of Isaiah and attribute the words to Isaiah Isaiah was written by one person
One who prevails with God
A covenant member of Christ’s Church and heir to the blessings promised to Jacob
A citizen of the land or nation of Palestine/Israel, either in ancient or in modern times
A literal descendant of Jacob, eve in they are unaware that he is in their pedigree Usually define and described Israel/Israelite people
Has the Lord punished Israel as He punished her oppressors Although all people suffer different types of afflictions on earth, the wicked ultimately suffer more than the righteous
For the bed is too short and the covering is too narrow Life is miserable and uncomfortable for those who do not heed God’s teachings and commandments
2 New 26-27 Isaiah 29 and commentary on how these words apply to his writings
A people who are united and pure in heart
A safe, protected place, such as a ridge or hilltop
An organization of ecclesiastical units called ‘stakes’
A chosen city or land of inheritance where the Lord can reign
A noble cause of which the Latter-day Saints should strive to build Represent a literal/symbolic meaning of “Zion”
Seer One who sees new truths through spiritual eyes
Leviathan Monster serpent of the deep; symbol of evil
Hart A fleet footed fallow-deer or a roebuck
Edom One who has secret or hidden books not in the Bible
Line by line Divine law or commandment given by the Lord
Fence Personal law or application of a commandment
When we say: we have enough We will lose our testimonies if we don’t continually strengthen them
Written primarily in prose
Most of Isaiah’s recorded miracles
Out of chronological sequence
Contain poem/psalm of King Hezekiah Isaiah 36-39
Jews being to come to a knowledge of their Redeemer Jews will be gathered to the lands of their inheritance
It changes moods and tenor often as it highlights opposite extremes Apocalyptic literature is bipolar
The people accept their fate and say, “Let us eat and drink; for tomorrow we shall die.” Impending scourge in Isaiah 22 and the famous attitude of the people
Aram (land) Damascus/Syria
Samaria (land) Ephraim/Israel
Edom (land) Esau/Jordan
Ahaz (king) King of Judah who responds to Syro-Israelite invasion by seeking Assyrian aid
Pekah (king) Son of Remaliah, rebel, murderous king of Israel who fights Judah and Assyria
“water of Shiloah” The Lord’s tender care and the gentle promptings, messages of the spirit
“The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob” An historical and/or an eschatological gropu of Israelites who gather either physically and/or spiritually
A rod (shoot) out of the stem of Jesse A servant in the hands of Christ in whom is much power (Davidic figure of the last days)
Diaspora Greek word meaning “The Lord is made known”
Shechinah The ‘presence,’ glory, light or protective care of the Lord
Messiah Aramaic/Hebrew word meaning the “Anointed One”
Satan The “slanderer” or from Aramaci root, the “earth shaker”
Jehovah or ‘Yahweh’ The eternal “I AM”, Jesus’ premortal name/title
The waters which cover the sea Isaiah 11 Isaiah indicates that knowledge of the Lord will be as much a common reality as…
Recognizes God for who He is/divine attributes
Part of “Lord’s Prayer” as He instructed His disciples
Extolling/worshiping a divine being/ruler Usual form of “praise” in psalms/prophetic discourse
Prophetic books Isaiah writings are found in which collection of the Old Testament books
Oral transmission
Repetition
Short, structured poetry Helpful in appreciating how information and knowledge was taught in Israelites time
Assyria Country that dominated the Middle East during Isaiah’s ministry
Isaiah promises the latter-day return of the house of Israel Study Jewish and Lamanite history; be aware of Church missionary success
Isaiah’s words are plain to those with the ‘spirit of prophecy’ Seek and live worthy to gain a testimony of Jesus Christ
Semantic Type of parallelism Isaiah emphasizes
90% How much of Isaiah is written in poetry
66 chapters How many chapters of Isaiah are in the Old Testament
Silhouette Antithetic parallelism
“wise in their own eyes and prudent in their own sight” Isa. 5:21 Synonymous parallelism
Belt and buckle Synthetic parallelism
Steps of a staircase Climatic parallelism
You will be lien a garden that has not water Isa. 1:30 Emblematic parallelism
English words which were not present in the Hebrew or Greek text of the manuscript used Bible Dictionary of the LDS edition of the King James Version of the Bible, what is the meaning/explanation of the biblical words or text that are printed in italics
For what purpose are your sacrifices Pivotal message of Isaiah 1:2-20
Interpretation/meaning of his writings through other scriptures
Technique/mechanics as seen in his poetic style Two levels of to study Isaiah and his manner of prophesying
Faith as a gospel principle Develop a trusting relationship with the Lord
Isaiah 2 In the tumultuous last days, many go to the mountain of the Lord’s house; others flee into caves for the fear of the Lord
Isaiah 3 Weak men avoiding responsibility and vain women seeking high fashion bring terrible judgments in the last days
Isaiah 7 King Ahza receives a sigh (a young woman having a son, Immanuel), which he doesn’t ask for; a dualistic prophecy of Christ’s future birth
Isaiah 10 The Lord controls peoples just as the hwer guides the axe: Assyria’s destruction and invasion (from the north) like one in last days.
Isaiah 14 A song of scron over the “king of Babylon” (Lucifer) and his promised fall to the opposite realms of his prideful ambitions
Isaiah 18 Blessings of Zion (America) and missionary work prophesied
Isaiah 24 Earth and her people will suffer for broken laws and covenants as they are burned at the Second Coming, but those in (spirit) prison will be visited
Isaiah 29 Sacred records will come from the dust of the earth which will be unreadable for the unlearned and confusing for the learned
Isaiah 31 Those who rely on Egypt and the arm of flesh will fall together with their allies and support; the Lord will come and defend his people
Isaiah 35 The desert shall blossom as the rose and Zion shall be built up; the ransomed of Israel will return
Isaiah 39 Judah’s wealth is shown to Babylonian representatives; Isaiah prophesies the Babylonian captivity of the Jews
Isaiah 40 Those how trust in the Lord will share the strength and attributes and powers of God (Who judges Israel and cares for this flock like a shepherded)
Isaiah 45 Cyrus shall free the captives of Israel; every knee will bow and every tongue will recognize the true Lord
Isaiah 48 The Lord reveals his purposes to covenant Israel (patterned in a treaty or covenant format); Israel will come froth out of Babylon; 1st chapter quoted in Book of Mormon
Isaiah 52 Awake, for Israel shall be redeemed, how beautiful are the watchmen and those who bring good tidings; this chapter is the most quotes in the Book of Mormon
Wednesday, December 15, 2010
SFL 240 quiz makeup
The reading was really interesting to me because like most students I assume in the class I come from a mix family. When my mom married my dad he had seven other children from previous marriages, and then my mom and dad had my brother and me. All together there are nine of us, and just like any family we are all unique. It was almost comical to read the Rs that a step parent should do. I was to young to remember myself, but I have heard and laughed at many of the stories. My mom made a lot of rituals, but I don’t think that they were the type of rituals the article was talking about: every morning my brother would come down stairs tell my mom how ugly she was and walk out the door, she visited the principle so often I am shocked they did not give her perfect attendance in the yearbook or at least a diploma, she picked boys up from prison, sent collage students extra cash when they had spent it one a get rich quick scam, whipped up children after hangovers, and all the while she raised Caleb and me. In all my memories I can not remember her ever talking down one of my half siblings; she did tell me how sad all of their choices made her and that she prayed I would not make the same ones, but she never belittled my brothers or sisters. It did not end there, because she has been to all of the grandchildren baptisms, soccer games, and school plays.
In January my entire family will be worthy to enter the Temple. It has been a long time coming, and there have been many tears, laughter, but above all there has been patience in our home. We waited in the safety of our harbor for my brothers to come home from rehab. We waited for my sister to come home from the hospital. We waited until we could say I love you. We waited, and all the while we prayed. This Thanks Giving as I climb into the car with my carpool group and we all say how excited that we are for Thanks Giving. I can not help but to notice how even compared to my peers at BYU I seem to feel especially grateful for my family, how I seem to want every member of my family to be apart of my life, and how much I feel a sense of belonging when I am among them. This reading was obvious personal to me, I think that any reading about a family is person, and I do not want it to seem as if I feel like my family is the exception or the example, because we are not either. We did make it though, and I think that the reading forgot to mention that part. In all of the paragraphs that it explained what it do it forgot to say why. I know that the only reason my family is still together is because my parents wanted us to all be together, and that is why my mom stayed. I am not the professional, I have only observed my mom, but what I would add to the article is that step parents need to remember why they are there, and if my family can be any hope know that there is hope for mixed families to love and cherish one another.
Thanks again!
In January my entire family will be worthy to enter the Temple. It has been a long time coming, and there have been many tears, laughter, but above all there has been patience in our home. We waited in the safety of our harbor for my brothers to come home from rehab. We waited for my sister to come home from the hospital. We waited until we could say I love you. We waited, and all the while we prayed. This Thanks Giving as I climb into the car with my carpool group and we all say how excited that we are for Thanks Giving. I can not help but to notice how even compared to my peers at BYU I seem to feel especially grateful for my family, how I seem to want every member of my family to be apart of my life, and how much I feel a sense of belonging when I am among them. This reading was obvious personal to me, I think that any reading about a family is person, and I do not want it to seem as if I feel like my family is the exception or the example, because we are not either. We did make it though, and I think that the reading forgot to mention that part. In all of the paragraphs that it explained what it do it forgot to say why. I know that the only reason my family is still together is because my parents wanted us to all be together, and that is why my mom stayed. I am not the professional, I have only observed my mom, but what I would add to the article is that step parents need to remember why they are there, and if my family can be any hope know that there is hope for mixed families to love and cherish one another.
Thanks again!
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